Latest Posts (20 found)

The VibeSec Reckoning

Vibe coding has significantly accelerated software prototyping but AI agents frequently recommend insecure configurations, creating security problems. Gautam Koul, Lucian Moss, Neil Drew-Lopez, and Daberechi Ruth Edeokoh share their experience while building applications for Thoughtworks's global marketing. They learned that to combat this we need to write a security context file to guide the AI, be cautious with AI permission requests, create a daily security intelligence feed, and provide builders with a secure-by-default harness and templates.

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Born Crotchety

I spoke with The National about the proposed UK social media ban for teenagers.  That’s an archive link due to their unfortunate adwall. There’s nothing I offered in my delightfully crotchety comments that I wasn’t already saying four, five, six, and seven years ago, but if anyone had listened to me four, five, six, and […]

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iDiallo Today

How Many Tokens Did You Burn Today

Early in my career, a manager at one of the big firms where I worked made a request so absurd it remains etched in my memory. I walked back to the team, repeated what he had asked, and couldn't finish the story without laughing. He wanted me to create a pie chart, of lines of code, per developer, per week. We all lost it. Our lead developer asked if, by any chance, the manager's eyes looked glassy. We laughed even harder. Because yes. Yes, they did. He was always high. That was twenty years ago. I've repeated that story countless times, and it always drew chuckles as we discussed the disconnect between software teams and management. Any software engineer could relate. We all knew that lines of code were a meaningless metric. A junior could write a thousand lines of spaghetti. A senior could fix the same problem with forty elegant ones. But then, last week, I found my name at the top of a leaderboard. My employer had been exploring productivity tools and trialed one they thought would be useful. After the trial, they were quoted $500k a year. The tool tracked developer productivity and integrated with Atlassian products, Microsoft, and many other services we used. The price was too steep, so it was dropped. A couple of months later, the same company came back with a discount. The exact same tool for just $50k a year. My employer jumped at the opportunity. How many bytes did you use today? I'm looking at this dashboard right now and I see my name at the top of the leaderboard. I click on the widget, and a pie chart appears. There it is: a breakdown of the total lines of code my team has produced using AI, by individual. This isn't limited to my employer. Every company is putting something together to track AI usage and justify the investment. Instead of tracking project completions, we're tracking how many lines of code each developer generated with AI. And the joke's on me, because nobody is laughing. The whole industry is applauding and encouraging employees to use more of it. I didn't become the champion because I have some neat agentic workflow. It was done by complete accident. While using an LLM, I accidentally selected "planning mode" for a request that had already been planned. The agent ran for several minutes, burning tokens to resolve a problem that didn't exist. Just like that, I made it to the top, without ever writing a single line of code. If this widget is taken at face value, it won't be long before developers start gaming it deliberately. Just let the agent run overnight, and your employer can claim a 10x improvement in productivity. We didn't use line count as a productivity metric in the past because it never made sense. Whenever we refactor code, we often end up with less than we started with. In fact, much of the time I spend modifying AI-generated code is spent deleting unnecessary things it created. Should we track negative lines of code? The better you are at programming, the worse your numbers look. We are assessing developers by the lines of code. I've watched AI evangelists ask "how many tokens did you burn today?" They were trying to convince an audience that productivity is directly proportional to token usage. It reminds me of the transition from paper to computers. A computer evangelist of that era might have asked: "how many bytes did you use today?" Token counts, lines of code, bytes, none of these have anything to do with actual productivity. Metrics are often entirely disconnected from what they're meant to measure. I've seen companies rely on story points only to watch employees point every ticket as high as possible. Choose lines of code as your metric, and lines of code will increase. Reward the highest contributor, and watch everyone double or triple their output by the next performance review. It's a silly metric but it serves a purpose, just not yours. AI companies promote token usage and associate it with productivity because they directly benefit from it. Imagine an internet service provider that charges by the byte. What would their recommendation for productivity be? "Use more bytes!" The best engineers I've ever known wrote less code, not more. They deleted things. They simplified. They understood that the goal was never the code itself. They solved problems, they made the system reliable, and they served the user. Measuring developers by output volume, whether that's lines, commits, or tokens, mistakes the exhaust for the engine. Every era of tooling brings a new class of metric that mistakes activity for value. The spreadsheet didn't make accountants more productive just because they could fill more cells. AI won't make developers more productive just because it can generate more code. We aren't even tracking if the right problems are being solved, and solved well. If the productivity dashboard can't answer that, it's not measuring productivity. It's measuring the subscription.

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Introducing Headcode: A Unified API for UK Rail Data

Headcode is a unified, developer-friendly JSON API that takes the fragmented, legacy feeds of the UK rail network and turns them into clean, enriched real-time data.

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Promises and perils

One of the just-so stories we keep hearing about AI is that it’s inevitable, that the technology is here and will continue to be here, and we better get on board or get left behind. These stories have the ring of a threat because they are, explicitly and otherwise, threatening. They are also familiar . Fear that there may be no alternative to the will of the AI arise because we have been told for decades that there is no alternative to neoliberalism, that there is no alternative to the mediation of all society by profit-driven markets, no alternative to the universal power of private self-interest that continually tries not to better the world, but to maximize it’s own profit and hence power. Stories about the “promises and perils” of AI ring true, not because the AI is poised to hunt all of us down, but because the stories reflect real experiences of technology, capitalism, and ideology; they reflect the capitalist developments of the incomprehensibility of technology, the invisibilization of labor, enclosures, proliferating neoliberal bureaucracies, and the sense that there is no alternative to capitalism and the status quo. Blix & Glimmer, Why We Fear AI , page 56 In other words, the threat isn’t so much that AI is inevitable as that the ongoing—and likely expanding—immiseration of workers is unstoppable. This is the subtext of the strange and conflicted messaging that we get from the hype men: when they say that you better learn AI or be left behind, they are admitting that a great many people will be left behind. And if you—smart and clever and hardworking person that you are—are somehow able to make it to the other side of the line, you’re supposed to find relief or pride at having done so, and not horror at all the people suffering in your wake. You’re supposed to be as uncaring as the capital that uses you. But getting through this gauntlet is no guarantee of getting through the next one—and there will be a next one, because the plain aim of the technocrats is to immiserate everyone, eventually. From the capitalist perspective, anyone with skills enough to negotiate a comfortable wage is a cost in need of cutting. Add to that the fact that AI’s whole pitch is that the more you use it, the more data it gathers, the more likely it becomes capable of mimicking you well enough to convince the fools above you that it can do your job. So get-in-or-get-left-behind is something of a trick—everyone is left behind, eventually. Which is both terrifying and clarifying. Terrifying in that the capitalists really do have the ability to do us harm—they have been doing so, already. Clarifying in that there really isn’t any reason to stay on the path they’ve laid out for us. It leads nowhere good. Meanwhile, there aren’t very many people up ahead, and there are a whole lot of us back here. Let’s see what we can do. View this post on the web , subscribe to the newsletter , or reply via email .

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Why We Fear AI

Hagen Blix and Ingeborg Glimmer make a compelling case for why we fear AI: our fears of what AI will do to us are really just our fears of what capitalism is already doing. In this way, AI isn’t so much a novel new technology as an acceleration of long-existing patterns in neoliberal capitalism—automation, deskilling, unaccountability, surveillance, and increasing precarity amidst shrinking welfare systems. But therein also lies a clue as to how to counter it, in that only organized, democratic control of labor can stand up to capital. When we see through the hype, we know what work we have to do. View this post on the web , subscribe to the newsletter , or reply via email .

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Revenge of The Business Idiot

If you liked this piece, you should subscribe to my premium newsletter. It’s $70 a year, or $7 a month, and in return you get a weekly newsletter that’s usually anywhere from 5,000 to 18,000 words, including vast, detailed analyses of NVIDIA , Anthropic and OpenAI’s finances , and the AI bubble writ large . My Hater's Guides To Private Credit and Private Equity are essential to understanding our current financial system, and my guide to how OpenAI Kills Oracle pairs nicely with my Hater's Guide To Oracle . This week, I’ll publish the final part of my ongoing series (“ What If…We’re In An AI Bubble? ”) about the factors and events that will cause the AI bubble to finally pop, focusing on what consequences might follow the collapse of OpenAI and the wider data center  Subscribing to premium is both great value and makes it possible to write these large, deeply-researched free pieces every week.  Today I’m going to speak from the heart, and tell you that we’re ruled by fucking imbeciles. AI is a perfect storm of failed concepts and organizations, and the apex of the Era of the Business Idiot , an epoch where we’re ruled by people so thoroughly disconnected from the actual workforce that it was inevitable that a technology would be created specifically to grift them. Just ask Aaron Levie, CEO of Box :  LLMs are dangerous for many, many reasons, but the under-discussed one is how well they play to a certain kind of executive imbecile. Generative AI is — to quote Mo Bitar — really good at doing an impression of work, much like most managers and c-suite executives, and even if it’s completely incapable of doing something, it’ll absolutely say it can and tell you you’re amazing for suggesting it. And that’s why Business Idiots love it.  Where regular human beings would say annoying things like “that’s not possible within that timeline” or “we don’t have the resources to do it,” AI will say “of course, right away!” and burn as many tokens as possible. When it makes mistakes, it’ll apologize — as it should because it failed you — but then promise to do better next time, all while costing so much less, at least in theory, than a regular, stinky human being.  It’ll create a PRD (product requirements document) of a theoretical software project with the confidence and vigor that you need to take it immediately to a software engineer and say “build this immediately,” and when the software engineer tells you a bunch of bullshit about it not being possible, it’ll spit out several convincing-sounding responses. Fuck, why even bother talking to that engineer at all? Claude Code can mock up a prototype that you can then shove in their fucking face before you fire them for not using AI to do it themselves. I realize I sound a little churlish and dismissive of those who may or may not actually get something out of AI, but this entire industry feels like a mixture of kayfabe and ignorance, slathered with a kind of angry desperation that reflects the distance between reality and fantasy, driven by people that don’t do any fucking work.  Any executive-level fuckwit you’ve met in your life now has a seemingly-powerful tool that can burp up mimicry of open source software and, if you constantly prompt it, eventually get something half-functional onto some sort of web server. When you face bugs, it’ll try and fix them, sometimes also “fixing” (adding or deleting code) from elsewhere to be helpful, like when Cursor using Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.6 model deleted an entire production database and all its backups . It will never, ever say no, even if it’s incapable, even if it has no thoughts, even if what you are asking is equal parts impossible and unreasonable in both its timescale and scope. A Business Idiot, given his druthers, can sit there and fuck around and make an LLM spit out something that makes him feel like he’s coding, which in turn makes him feel that you, a lazy and stupid engineer, could do even more with the power of AI. It doesn’t matter that it costs an absolute shit-ton of money, or that there’s no way to measure its efficacy. The Lion does not concern himself with things like “efficacy” or “productivity,” and the Lion is increasingly tired of your whining! The Lion doesn’t even understand what it is you do every day other than not doing what The Lion is asking for! You laugh, but this is genuinely how the majority of managers and executives think and act, and now they have a special chatbot that can fart out functional-enough prototypes to convince a Business Idiot they can do anything, because executives and managers do not regularly do much work. As a result, they have little idea what work looks like other than when they look over your shoulder, which is why they wanted you back in the office, and their distance from production is why the same people who were anti-remote work are now aggressively trying to shove AI down your throat .  Organizations aren’t burning millions or hundreds of millions of dollars a year on AI because it’s good, they’re doing it because they are run by people who do not know what the fuck they’re doing.  Generative AI is catnip for hall monitors, snitches, toadies, and any other group that hates work and loves talking down to others. Put another way, it ingratiates losers who believe that learning to do or being good at something is a waste of time, because they deserve to just do what they want without any of that messy “effort.”  While I’m not saying every LLM user is an imbecile, they’re built to convince the mediocre and incurious that they’re remarkable, and it turns out that a great many of them run venture capital firms and Fortune 500 companies. I also want to be clear that while there are sane and normal people who use these things, they’re mostly drowned out by a crowd of people that oscillate between bootlicking and regurgitating capitalist mythology in a way that makes it hard to trust anybody who spends significant amounts of time using an LLM.  One thing you’ll notice about the most moistened AI boosters is that they lack much degree of pride in their work. Everything they say must, at some point, compliment the mindless, unprofitable, unreliable tool underneath it — how “incredibly powerful” it is, how it’s “only getting better,” how it’s “only the beginning” of something that’s eaten over a trillion dollars and absorbed the majority of venture capital .  It isn’t about the work, or the craft, or the thought behind it. Everything is a numb, mindless death march toward saying “job done” and burping out some sort of pseudo product, if one even exists. I’m not even being sarcastic! Per Bloomberg , Salesforce has been marketing “powerful AI products” that don’t actually exist: In a rational society, Salesforce’s stock would take a beating and the SEC would open an immediate and brutal investigation.  Sadly, our society is oriented around the power fantasies of the mediocre and spiritually-dead losers, people bereft of pride or joy in the things they create that believe that they’re owed everything .  They’re Business Idiots, and they are your enemy. Even those who believe they’re aligned with the Business Idiots by supporting and using Large Language Models are the enemy, because The Business Idiots believe that “AI” will simply remove anybody else from the picture, automating work, creativity , communication, friendship , and that includes anyone that helped its ascent.  And yet none of it’s really working, because Business Idiots don’t really know how anything works. As I said back in the original piece , think of The Business Idiot as a kind of con artist, except the con has become the standard way of doing business for an alarmingly large part of society.  Salesforce, one of the most-prominent hypesters behind the AI bubble has spent millions of dollars on advertising and marketing to promote a product that doesn’t exist in the way that it’s being sold.  Only an economy oriented around coveting and coddling losers would have let AI get this far. Every single story about AI has to either directly gloss over the obvious financial and technological issues or start speaking in the kinds of vague theoreticals reserved for cults and multi-level marketing scams. Even Bloomberg’s piece — which is pretty critical! — helps gaslight Salesforce’s customers by quoting an executive blaming their own processes for Salesforce’s outright lies: What the fuck does that mean? What’re you talking about, Madhav? What “autonomous vision”? What complex things? Do you even know? Hello? Even in this very critical piece , the endless pursuit of “fairness” — the Business Idiot’s favourite weapon when they don’t want to be graded on their actual work — means that we have this slop-adjacent explainer that mostly amounts to “yeah you know sometimes their shit needs to be better and then one day, wow , boom! We’re gonna have all sorts of stuff happening.” But this is the world the Business Idiots have created, as I described last year : This naturally created a tech industry (and a larger economy) dominated by executives that were rewarded for growth, which meant that our tech products are inherently oriented around that growth:  The problem with an economy dominated by Business Idiots is that it eventually loses its connection to the wider concept of production or solutions to customers’ problems, because that might cause management to interact with the real world and, by extension, have actual problems themselves. The problems that Microsoft, Google, Meta and Amazon solve on a daily basis are those related to its shareholders. How do we keep growing? How do we keep people engaged with our products? How do we convince our customers to pay more for our customers? And how do we keep people buying our stock? Thankfully, The Business Idiots have captured both the media and the markets, twisting the definition of a “good company” into one measured by these very same questions. It doesn’t matter that Facebook is deliberately broken or Google Search’s results were intentionally made worse because number go up, and that’s all The Business Idiot cares about! It doesn’t even matter that 10% of Meta’s 2024 revenue came from scams or that its Kylie Jenner-branded chatbot led a man with dementia to his death or that its John Cena-branded chatbot would roleplay about having sex with children or that it wants to spend $125 billion or more on AI in 2026 because Meta’s ad sales have yet to slow down .  It doesn’t matter that Meta CTO Andrew “Boz” Bosworth has overseen multiple unprofitable, unpopular products or is hated by basically every single person I’ve ever talked to at Meta — The Wall Street Journal will still write a glowing profile saying he’s a “blunt, outspoken provocateur” that’s “transforming Meta” by “unleashing AI.” One can be a colossal fucking loser that everybody hates, lay off thousands of people, fail to make anything of note, oversee multiple failures, and the Business Idiot’s consent-manufacturing machine will help wall you off from reality.  “But Ed,” I hear you cry. “You can’t call somebody like Andrew Bosworth a loser. He’s a huge success! He made lots of money!” You’re falling for the Business Idiot’s biggest trap: that having wealth or being a C-suite executive is proof that you’re not a disconnected loser.  Boz, like every other oaf destroying your favourite tech products, is the ultimate loser — he’s succeeded by taking credit for other people’s ideas, firing people when his own ideas fail, and repeating the cycle as many times as he wants because that’s what being an executive means to him. Boz has no pride in his work. If he did, he’d have resigned over the failures of both the metaverse and Meta’s wasteful, directionless AI efforts, or even over how fucking awful Facebook has become. The sad truth is that he doesn’t care! He doesn’t give a shit. Boz, like every other Business Idiot, exists to extract value from others and get rewarded by shareholders. As he said in 2018 , to Boz, “all the work [Meta does] in growth is justified.” That includes deliberately making notifications less useful, injecting clickbait and AI slop into your feed, and hiding chronological feeds behind an Escher painting of different menu options.  Boz is indicative of the vast majority of CEOs and upper-level management of most of the world’s organizations. If you read this and feel self-conscious, it’s because you secretly know I’m talking about you or somebody you know. One can be incredibly-rich and well-known and yet a huge, unbelievable loser, because being a loser is deep within your soul. A loser is somebody who takes from others, claims others’ work as their own, and demands more credit for having done so. A loser is somebody who believes work and creation is beneath them, and that they are owed the fruits of labor regardless of their actual contributions to the world. This is why so many people have such an abnormal reaction to AI, promoting and defending it like it’s their religion or nation state. While many people use LLMs and see them as a kind of word calculator or search engine, so many more see within it the chance to ascend above the proles who “work” or “create,” because they find the process of labor or effort so utterly loathsome. When somebody badmouths AI, the Business Idiot must defend it with everything they have, because attacking LLMs is attacking the output of an LLM , which is in turn a judgment on those who are tolerant of its mediocrity and impossible-to-avoid hallucinations . You see, if you demand good work with intention , that might mean the Business Idiot actually had to do something , and that’s not what The Business Idiot signed up for. We are slaves to middle management and the middle management mindset, we are living in their world, and it will collapse because they never really understood anything to begin with. LLMs impress the writers who do not want to write, the coders who don’t want to code, the researchers who don’t want to research, and the lawyers that don’t want to actually understand case law. Those that desperately tell you how powerful AI is and that you simply must use it are looking for you to validate their own laziness or distaste for effort, and those who are impressed with LLMs’ outputs tend to be people with low standards.  The aggression with which AI boosters and executives act toward those who aren’t impressed suggests a genuine intellectual and moral weakness. Nobody who’s this insistent, aggressive and violative with their language of “it’s here and if you don’t adopt it you’re stupid and dead” has ever been right about anything. Nobody this desperate, insistent and forceful has ever had good intentions, good vibes or brought good omens — they are always bearers of some kind of con.  Most technology is sold on elevating and ascending human beings. AI cheapens every interaction by creating a work-shaped product from a person that doesn’t respect you enough to give you work that’s barely fit for a human because it wasn’t made for one.  This is why being an AI booster requires you to debase yourself. You must accept becoming a dogshit dealer that loves accepting and receiving low quality goods. You must celebrate intentionless and decaying slop, and defend it and the machine that made it with your entire being. You must sully yourself — treat its unexceptional, sloppy and unreliable outputs as signs of sentience, or at least the proof that digital sentience is possible. You must defend horrible, abrasive, ugly, loud monoliths of steel full of $50,000 graphics cards. You must say they are necessary, and you must aggressively antagonize those who do not.  That’s because they’re not defending LLMs so much as they are the greater form of Rot Economic capitalism . The Business Idiots have successfully changed our experience of buying and using software from one of “paying for a service” to “accessing powerful technology,” reframing every mistake as the necessary pain of new innovations and every mediocre output as proof that the tech industry can still innovate , because critiquing these things — asking for them to be anything approaching the autonomous, reliable and powerful technology that everybody claims they are — is considered “improper” or “biased” or “skeptical.”  Oh yes, they use “skeptical” as a pejorative. This aggression only proves that the management sect is scared. LLMs were meant to be the thing that replaced all workers, but the actual outputs and outcomes don’t seem to be resulting in anything changing other than lots of things becoming worse or more-expensive. Every AI booster will say “AI is writing all the code at some organizations,” but never seem to explain what happens as a result, such as whether software is being shipped faster, or better software is being made, or, well… anything.   The answer is simple: they don’t know because nothing has actually changed. Organizations writing massive amounts of code using LLMs are facing massive product stability issues and, in the case of Zillow, spending millions of dollars a year to turn their codebase into a confusing, intentionless slop and increasing software reviewer loads by 29,000 hours a month.   This is only made possible in an economy run by people who don’t do any work, and a tech and business media that exists to ingratiate them. I want to lead with a surprising comment: I don’t think LLMs, as a tool, are a grift. There are use cases, though those use cases are miniscule compared to the egregious promises and extrapolations made by the majority of the media and the executive sect, and absolutely nothing about them warrants the amount of money invested in them.  That being said, I think LLMs lend themselves perfectly to grifting. Sam Altman helped propagate a technology perfect for conning people with potential, a larger extrapolation of Altman’s own life of taking dogshit — Loopt, for example ! — and parlaying it into larger opportunities. It can make a really half-hearted demo of a lot of things, and that’s good enough to sell to Business Idiot.  Dario Amodei took this grift and perfected it. Anthropic is a company purpose-built to con people into giving it by money by making people feel smart. LLMs can do work-shaped stuff, sometimes, as long as you debase yourself to accept mediocre and often-broken stuff that you have to keep a vigilant eye on, and either use a subsided product that loses Anthropic money or pay a shit ton of money as an enterprise to Anthropic and it still loses money.  The media was also primed for the grift. Reporters are never incentivized or supported to actually spend meaningful time understanding technology, meaning that the vast majority lean toward access journalism or, at best, the most kindly, “objective” (read: pro-business) takes that result in “wow, isn’t the future great?” no matter how good the thing they’re using actually is. Editors are, in many cases, entirely disconnected from the process of reporting or writing, let alone the underlying technology their reporters cover, which leads them to at best live in a world of “I sure don’t trust these CEOs but their technology sure is powerful.”  As a result, all a technology has to do is either look or sound plausible. Can LLMs write all code? Not really! But because they can write some code and there are lots of eager people on Twitter saying it’s powerful, that’s all it takes to write the sentence “software engineers are writing most of their code using LLMs.” Can Anthropic actually take down Figma? God no, but the mere existence of Claude Design is enough to write that it might . All it takes is the hint of something to be true for it to be written about as gospel. Each statement adds another bullet point to Anthropic’s investor deck so that it can raise another $30 billion in funding, which in turn validates any journalist’s beliefs in Anthropic’s ability to destroy other companies with a product the journalist has not and never will use.  Business Idiots did well to pressure modern journalism into conflating scrutiny with a lack of curiosity. To ask too many questions is “unfair.” To not immediately assume that LLMs are getting “exponentially better” is to be an ignorant luddite. To not assume that everything will work out like it did with Uber or Amazon Web Services is to “ignore history.”  Grifters took advantage of this industrialized intellectual weakness using a tool purpose-built to do enough of an impression of something to impress the media and executives. It worked, because both are sold to in much the same way — by telling a plausible-enough story that ingratiates somebody who is never the end user of the product in question.  If a journalist gets curious, an LLM can make a good-enough impression of somebody writing software to fool somebody who doesn’t really know what they’re doing, and if you prompt it again and again and again, it can get something functional out the door. This is all it takes for somebody — a reporter or an executive — to extrapolate that because they were able to do something (even though the LLM did it), a subject-matter expert would be able to do even more.   As a result, LLMs are fantastic tools for grifters. Somebody that doesn’t really like doing anything other than getting applause for other people’s work can now run multiple concurrent agents, endlessly tweak prompts and tell everybody that they’re an “AI specialist,” with their LLMs making them seem busy in a way that’s hard to argue with because there’s so much bullshit going on.   An ethically-questionable “AI beat reporter” (though this is not across the board) can easily become prominent by simply writing up whatever it is the companies are excited about and reporting on leaks of Slack conversations, creating the appearance of “scrutiny” without ever scrutinizing or questioning the ethics or underlying economics. An oafish product manager with terrible ideas can now pump out half-functional scripts and software that sort of does something, and when their manager — somebody who also doesn’t do any work — sees what they’re doing, they can happily report to their manager that the person in question is “AI-first.” And when you’ve oriented your entire economy around middle managers, vice presidents, and executives that don’t do any real work, this shit seems magical. AI companies are natural grifting instruments. Because AI startups are so capital-intensive, they naturally require tons of money, which means that venture capitalists have something to invest in, and because there’re always so many rounds , valuations are constantly being pumped . Because AI models can be plugged into anything , by extension any AI founder can pretend that any industry can be automated using AI, and because venture capitalists don’t build stuff or really know stuff anymore, they’re naturally impressed by basically any demo or plausible-sounding promise, especially when an LLM can make something that looks like software. Because AI data centers are so capital-intensive, they require endless amounts of risky debt, but that risk allows private credit to take investments from insurance and pension funds desperate for yield, and because everybody involved is a Business Idiot, nobody has actually thought about what happens if these things don’t work out.  AI allows everybody to grow as long as everybody ignores the big, obvious problems with its efficacy and underlying economics . All you have to do is keep up the kayfabe that the problems aren’t problems and the solutions are imminent, or if you want to pretend to be a critic, you can also suggest that all of this is inevitable. Don’t worry about the fact that data centers aren’t getting finished , or that OpenAI and Anthropic make up 75%+ of all AI compute capacity , or that they make up more than 50% of Amazon, Google and Microsoft’s revenue backlog , or that both of them are horrendously unprofitable outside of brazen accounting tricks that would only work on a business and tech media intent on believing everything they say . Don’t worry about it! Stop asking. Don’t worry about Claude deleting entire databases in seconds, they’re gonna fix that somehow, some day.  That ignorance is a sign of laziness, and of the dominance of the Business Idiot mindset. Everybody wants this to be Uber ( it isn’t ) or Amazon Web Services ( it isn’t ) because it allows them to avoid learning stuff or making informed decisions. If it’s like Uber or Amazon, you can just throw your hands up and say “it’ll work itself out!” which is way, way harder than explaining to me how an industry that loses billions of dollars with no path to profitability doesn’t run out of money at some point.  This is, again, part of the grifter’s toolkit. When you don’t want somebody to think about what’s actually happening, you point them toward something that ingratiates them. Somebody who is rude and mean and asking about those billions of dollars of losses is a hater — somebody who says “well, Amazon Web Services lost a lot of money!” is historically-aware and erudite , even if actual history tells you that Amazon Web Services cost around $50 billion before becoming profitable, or around a quarter of Amazon’s 2026 capex . This isn’t to say everybody making this argument is lazy, just that they’re unwitting pawns in a larger grift where mythology is used to support the biggest waste of capital in human history.  And really, that’s the larger LLM grift: encouraging people to accept or sell lazy, half-baked shortcuts instead of fundamental units of labor or production, all while making them feel smart for doing so. It is a technology that perfectly fits the grifter strategy of giving people as little proof as possible to prove something is real, then letting them fill in the blanks with whatever will make them feel like they’re “ahead,” even if being “ahead” means "mournfully accepting that their job might be automated.” Yet I challenge you any time you hear somebody saying that “AI is here, and it’s transformative” to ask them what the fuck that means , because while “it” might be real, it’s unclear what they actually mean by “it.” The grifters want you to immediately start filling in the blanks, assuming that CEOs saying they’re laying people off because of AI aren’t blatantly lying and that AI has done something, somewhere, that remotely warrants any of this waste and endless propagandizing.  And they want you to do that because they’re losing. If you’ve ever been in a bad relationship — romantic or otherwise — you’ll know the feeling of trying to find any way to prove that things will improve, and the amount of times you’ve ignored something glaringly, obviously wrong. “They’re going through a lot,” “they don’t need to tell me what I need to hear, I know they feel it inside,” “they’re busy right now,” and every other rationalization of somebody not being good to you or interested in you is an exercise in self-deception to avoid dealing with an uncomfortable truth.  Any time you’ve ever found yourself looking for shreds of proof that things are going well is the exact time you should be leaving somebody, yet you’ve likely stayed and sought them out like Sherlock Holmes before he spends thousands of dollars on therapy. Every time you stick around a little longer, you do so based on increasingly-questionable data and the knowledge that changing course will require a brutal reckoning with reality. Sometimes you stick around forever, because making more bad decisions is sometimes harder than making one good yet difficult one. People are making the same mistake with AI.  Right now, everybody is ignoring many, many warning signs at once, all because of short-term thinking. Because hyperscalers’ existent businesses have yet to slow down, everybody assumes — without any actual proof — that AI is somehow driving growth. Conversely, nobody seems to have an answer as to how big tech makes the $2 trillion to $3 trillion of brand new revenue it needs to justify its trillions of dollars of planned capex, and even the Financial Times only sees Amazon making any kind of return on hyperscaler AI investment by 2030:  And even here, in a piece called “the impossible maths of the AI boom,” The Financial Times deliberately finds a way to make things look better by removing every single operating cost!   Those covering Anthropic’s so-called “profitable” second quarter are intentionally ignoring that Musk deliberately discounted the months of May and June in an obvious attempt to engineer a headline. They’re also ignoring the obvious mismatch between Anthropic CFO Krishna Rao’s sworn affidavit from March 6 2026, when he said it had “exceeding” $5 billion in lifetime revenue, which doesn’t line up with any of its previously-reported or stated annualized revenues . The answer, in the end, is that it’s just easier to ignore this stuff, because taking it seriously would require thinking about Anthropic in skeptical terms, which would, in turn, require you to start questioning the fundamental stability of the AI industry. And they need you to do that because they’re fucking losing. OpenAI had a negative 122% non-GAAP operating margin in Q1 2026 , and ChatGPT growth has stalled. Despite its so-called profitability, Anthropic has had to raise a combined $75 billion (between Google, Amazon and investors) since the beginning of the year. Both OpenAI and Anthropic had to lower their gross margin projections at the end of 2025.  Anthropic and OpenAI — neither of whom have any path to sustainability or profitability outside of accounting shenanigans and willing co-conspirators — now make up 50% of all upcoming hyperscaler revenues , and the only way either of them can pay is if somebody, either a venture capitalist or hyperscaler, chooses to give them the money. Nobody has an explanation as to how that works or who funds it, other than that “hyperscalers are some of the most-profitable, cash-rich companies in the world ( as their cashflows drop to their lowest levels in history ),” and that “both of these companies are growing incredibly fast.” Anthropic’s growth is a direct result of Business Idiots controlling a large portion of our economy. Nobody — not a single company — has been able to express in clear-set terms based on their actual bottom line a conversion of “I spent this much money and got this in return.”  In fact, it seems like the opposite is happening. As I’ll mention in greater depth later, Andrew Macdonald, the Chief Operating Officer of Uber, recently gave an interview where he said that the company’s ballooning AI costs are “harder to justify,” in part because there’s no way to link its token spend to useful new features .  Everybody spending millions of dollars on AI tokens is experimenting. As I’ve discussed previously , nobody really knows how to measure the ROI of AI, and the naturally-chaotic nature of LLMs makes it impossible to measure how much it might even cost: Marc Benioff isn’t spending $300 million a year on Anthropic tokens because it’s doing something . He’s doing it because he, like every Business Idiot, has no idea what to do other than spend money, hire people, or fire people. Spending lots of money on AI allows him to say that Salesforce is an “AI-first organization,” and then blatantly lie for two years running that he’s “not hiring any more engineers” despite the many, many job listings on Salesforce’s website for engineering positions.  It’s kayfabe that exists to distract you from the fact that Agentforce only has $800 million in annualized revenue, or around $66 million a month for a company that makes $11 billion or more a quarter .  Seriously, somebody please show me a company spending millions of dollars on AI tokens that can also express a clear, indisputable return on investment. Show me the actual returns. Show me the processes automated and what those processes being automated do to offset these remarkable costs. All of this fucking bloviating about how AI is inevitable and real and so powerful never seems to result in a profit . While companies can vaguely say “oh we saved X number of hours from this,” I am still waiting for somebody to say “we saved this much money and this is how investing in these tokens is profitable.” It’s always something vague, like when Klarna said it estimated ChatGPT would “drive $40 million in profit improvement in 2024,” a stat that it never explained or returned to. Klarna CEO Sebastian Siemiatowski once told Sam Altman to use Klarna “ as his guinea pig ” — only to have to hire back the humans it tried to replace with LLMs after a massive wave of customer complaints . Klarna once said that its chatbots did the work of 700 people , a blatant lie that it got away with because the media doesn’t want to scrutinize an era built on deception. That’s because underneath the puffery and the propaganda and the pervasive sense of inevitability, the AI industry is losing. Anthropic and OpenAI’s revenue growth is only possible thanks to a near-perpetual misinformation campaign that overstates both the current and future capabilities of LLMs, and a near-society-wide ignorance at the executive level. Every story about Anthropic’s customers burning millions of dollars’ worth of tokens comes back to one unfortunate fact: nobody knows how much it’s costing but whatever it costs today isn’t sustainable.  For example, and as I mentioned earlier, Uber COO Andrew Macdonald said this weekend that it was becoming “harder to justify AI costs within the company”: I believe that Uber’s experience is indicative of effectively every company’s experience with AI. Business Idiots, disconnected entirely from production, demand their workers burn as many tokens as possible, incentivizing them to do so for reasons that only make sense to somebody who doesn’t do any work.  And burn as many tokens as they could, Uber’s engineers did. Four months into the year, Uber had exhausted its entire AI budget — in part because it created a leaderboard of the biggest AI users , giving employees an incentive to run wasteful tasks and prompts, if not for bragging rights, then at least to show the higher-ups that they’re onboard with the new direction. .  AI is meant to be this ultra-powerful streamlining tool that changes the workplace forever, yet the practical result appears to be “we’ve spent a bunch of money on something that makes our least-sentient managers excited.” Too many members of the media work overtime to find ways to either ignore or explain away these problems. Stories about how Anthropic and OpenAI have agreed to a combined $1.048 trillion in compute commitments fail once to ask how they might get that money, other than to suggest that both may become cash flow positive by either 2028 or 2030 , again with no discussion as to how other than “they will.”  For them to do so, they will need…well, a trillion dollars over the next four years, either through revenue or funding. That’s an insane amount of money — more than any startup or even public company has had to raise in history — and the fact that more people aren’t talking about that suggests that they either don’t care or don’t want to.   The same goes for those covering NVIDIA and other semiconductor companies. While the largest company on the stock market once again beat analyst expectations and raised guidance, few ( other than JustDario, it seems ) noticed that despite all that extra revenue , NVIDIA only saw its cash and equivalents grow by $600 million quarter-over-quarter.  Why? Because it’s investing tens of billions of dollars investing in AI data center companies like IREN , CoreWeave , and, of course, both Anthropic and OpenAI, and has agreed to spend an unbelievable $30 billion on cloud service agreements in the next six years, quite literally paying its customers to buy its products in the most blatant circular financing since the dot com bubble. This is what an industry does when it’s in distinct, existential distress. NVIDIA is now the fifth-largest purchaser of AI compute behind OpenAI, Anthropic, Microsoft and Meta at a time when AI compute is meant to be facing a supply crunch , which suggests that while demand may exist on a low level for those trying to pick up a few hundred H100s, the only customers for data centers full of Blackwell GPUs (at least, those that actually exist ) are Anthropic, OpenAI, an organization with no clear AI strategy and a CEO that can never be fired, and the company selling the GPUs. That’s a big fucking problem considering that there are tens of gigawatts of data centers being developed that will require around $380 billion in annual revenue to substantiate. There is, at this point, little proof that the AI data center “boom” is anything other than the largest real estate speculation in history.  Some will point to the difficulty one might have finding GPUs, carefully ignoring how the majority of capacity is taken up by OpenAI and Anthropic , leaving the vast majority of customers to fight for scraps thanks to the extremely slow pace of data center construction . Others will say that guidance from companies like NVIDIA and Samsung prove that “the demand is there.” Forgive me, I’m going to be a little stern. I know, I know, you’re gonna say “Ed, you can’t paint with such a broad brush!” but I can find no data center debt deal that makes me feel like anybody was really thinking too hard when they put it together. Blue Owl agreed to invest up to $10 billion in Stargate Abilene after a single fifteen-minute conversation , despite the only tenant being OpenAI, a company that couldn’t afford to pay for the compute it committed to, and nobody ever having built a gigawatt-scale data center in history. This was likely because Blue Owl took advantage of the Business Idiots who run Crusoe: This is, to be clear, a huge scam, and something that should’ve horrified investors, except said investors are also Business Idiots that saw a big number and said “whoopie!” Money men with little connection to how long stuff takes to build , let alone the underlying technology being sold or the companies that might actually pay for the compute saw the potential to “back the next industrial revolution” and fell over themselves to take part.  Like every greedy dullard, Business Idiots backing data centers are easily won over by the blatant lie that a data center is an “ AI factory ,” conjuring up images of large buildings that print money with little human labor needed. In reality, data centers are vast, labor-intensive construction projects connected to large, labor-intensive power projects , filled with GPUs that are so expensive that they require billions in debt that are upgraded on a yearly cycle, with customers that may or may not exist by the time it actually turns on. Calling them “AI factories” is an intentional attempt to simplify projects that have more in common with building cities than any kind of modern factory. These Business Idiots are too informed by other Business Idiots, like the sell-side and buy-side analysts that have no interest in talking about what might happen in the distant future when they can conjure up plausible-sounding statements that pump their bags. Every single buy and sell-side analyst should have said CoreWeave, IREN, and other NVIDIA-backed neoclouds are dangerous investments fueled by circular finance. Instead, almost every single one has upgraded them as a result of NVIDIA’s continued investments , despite these investments being a sign that these businesses can’t last.  The few hedge funds and private equity firms I speak to that have any kind of mental clarity are facing pressure from investors misinformed by analysts and the media. Hundreds of billions of dollars — at least $178.5 billion in America alone in 2025 — have been sunk into data center construction based on flawed information, astronomically more flawed than the assumptions that led to the dot com bubble bursting , as I covered in my premium piece from a few months ago . This is like if they built out all that dark fiber for what would amount to a few hundred internet users in 10 years. These people see NVIDIA’s continued revenue growth as a sign that “demand is unstoppable,” yet that “demand” is entirely contingent on how long investors are willing to ignore reality, much like the rest of the AI industry can only continue as long as everybody keeps up the kayfabe of its supposed inevitability. It’s time to stop, and force these failsons to stand on their own two feet.  I’m growing tired of the amount of people I read saying that “AI is real, but the economics are irrational,” as if these facts are entirely divorced from one another.  A GB200 NVL72 rack will be just as expensive to run in 2030 as it is today, and an incomplete data center will still take just as many hundreds of millions or billions to finish in the future too. There are, I believe, at least $200 billion worth of data centers that will never make even a quarter of their costs back before collapsing, and that’s assuming that they ever turn on or their customers exist by the time they do so.  AI is only “real” because everybody is willing to ignore its blatantly-obvious problems. The only reason that every app has an AI feature or every AI company can still sell a $20, $100, or $200-a-month subscription is because venture capital has yet to walk away from an industry that relies on eternal subsidies. AI data centers only continue to have revenue as long as venture capital and hyperscalers support Anthropic and OpenAI, and their revenues only continue to grow as a result of an endless, society-wide media campaign built on misinformation and API revenues driven by unsustainable venture-backed startups and businesses run by people excited to blow millions of dollars for no reason.  AI is only as “real” as the excuses that get made for it, and the amount of money those who subsidize it are willing to lose. Venture capitalist subsidies are the only reason that companies like Perplexity or Lovable are alive , which in turn means that a large chunk of both Anthropic and OpenAI’s API revenue is only made possible through those subsidies.  Demand for data centers is, by extension, only as large as these subsidies can sustain. Much of this is substantiated by the myth of executive intelligence. Most assume that Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Andy Jassy wouldn’t be as stupid as to burn a trillion or more dollars on data centers for an unprofitable product with demand that only exists because of their own subsidies…except that’s exactly what’s happening. These men have no other hypergrowth ideas , and are more willing to annihilate their cashflows and dominate the Earth with half-finished data centers than to admit that their core businesses will eventually decline. And because these hyperscalers were so aggressive with their buildouts, the Business Idiots conflated that hunger with some sort of proof of massive demand for AI.  Yet even NVIDIA’s own earnings show that demand is incredibly-centralized, with 54% of its Q1 FY27 revenue ($44 billion out of $81.6 billion) coming from three customers , up from two customers accounting for 30% ($13.2 billion) in Q1 FY26. I assume one or more of these are hyperscalers, which means that NVIDIA’s continued growth hinges heavily on the idea that big tech will continue to dump trillions of dollars into its GPUs in perpetuity. I’m repeating myself, but this is not what a healthy industry looks like . If AI data center demand were evenly-distributed and sustainable, NVIDIA’s revenue wouldn’t depend mostly on three customers. Similarly, the entire media wouldn’t be loudly ignoring a short seller report that suggests that 20% of its FY26 revenue came from illegal sales to China . As I’ve said, AI is only as real as its subsidies. ChatGPT is only free to hundreds of millions of people because OpenAI is able to raise hundreds of billions of dollars, much like Anthropic is only able to subsidize its subscribers anywhere from $8 to $13.50 for every dollar of revenue because of endless venture welfare.  The underlying economics suggest that no subscription-based AI service — let alone a free one — makes any kind of financial sense, and the only reason that everybody has had such unrestrained access is because the media and the markets approved it, and the people with the money are deluded and disconnected from the process of value creation on almost every imaginable level. Any statements around “Anthropic actually being profitable on inference” are products of fantasy and magical thinking , distilled copium for people that would rather delude themselves into believing that none of this ever made sense. Again, the assumption is that “companies would never just burn a lot of money,” but that too is catering to the greater myth of executive competence, something that nobody who spends any amount of time around managers or executives would ever believe.  GitHub Copilot let people burn thousands of dollars on a $39-a-month subscription as a means of expressing growth. I absolutely, 100% believe that both OpenAI and Anthropic are doing the same, and that neither of them has some magical way of making inference cheap enough to justify letting people burn thousands of dollars on a $100-a-month or $200-a-month subscription. To give them the benefit of the doubt is to empower them to continue to raise money by conning their investors and the general public, and to continue perpetuating an era of software that runs contrary to what makes technology good. Their goal is simple: to ram as much of this through to as many people as possible to get them to spend as much money as possible…until they work out a way to make OpenAI or Anthropic or these endless data centers into something approaching a real business. One of the greatest mistakes we can make in our lives is to assume that the rich and powerful have any idea what the future holds, or that they have any grand plan or strategy.  It’s very likely that Dario Amodei and Sam Altman’s plan is to keep burning money until somebody who works for them comes up with a way not to, and in the interim their plan is to get as many users as they can to keep raising money.  Similarly, Microsoft, Google, Meta and Amazon’s plan is to keep building data centers in the hope that they’ll have a reason to use them by the time they’re built. There is no other plan. They do not have a secret invention coming. They do not have AGI in a box in their office. They do not have anything, and the reason they’re spending so much money and shoving AI into everything you use is because they have no fucking clue what to do. This is why Dario Amodei makes wild claims about AI replacing 50% of all white collar workers or Microsoft AI CEO Mustafa Suleyman claims all white collar labor will be automated in 18 months — because the actual products themselves aren’t impressive enough to win you over or justify the hundreds of billions of dollars being sunk into AI. They say these things to make you think that they have a scary and powerful technology behind the scenes that does not exist . And yes, that includes Mythos . The forceful, harassment-grade incursion of AI services into our daily lives is not a sign of its power, but a gesture of the lack of confidence and fear in the hearts of its progenitors. Good shit sells by telling you why it’s good — dodgy shit sells by tricking and scaring you and taking advantage of Business Idiots who think that using an LLM to type emails and spending 12 hours a day on Twitter constitutes “work.”  I believe the vast majority of these data centers go unused and/or unfinished, and that most AI startups will die once the venture capital subsidies dry up . I believe that neither OpenAI nor Anthropic have a future, and that their revenues are only made possible through venture subsidies for startups using their models and the experimental revenue of Business Idiots that don’t really know why they’re “doing AI” in the first place.  AI demand remains a result of a societal psychosis and a weakness in those who are meant to scrutinize the untrustworthy. Its unraveling will be framed as impossible to see coming because nobody in power had bothered to look.  It’s easy to feel hopeless. We’re at a point where the greed and the shamelessness and the stupidity is at a fever pitch.  We’ve reached a time the mask has started to slip, and the C-suite imbecile class is unabashed about its loathing of people, as was the case when the CEO of UK bank Standard Chartered CEO (Bill Winters) talked about how those at risk of losing their jobs to AI are “lower-value human capital,” at the same event where he said the company would likely shed nearly 8,000 roles in the coming years due to AI.  Winters would later apologize for his choice of words — although, to be clear, he was being absolutely honest when he made those remarks. That is what he believes.   Everything feels rough because the AI industry is equal parts desperate and over-confident. AI executives believe that they can cram enough promises of money into the system that the system would rather cannibalize itself than admit that it made a mistake. Sundar Pichai, Andy Jassy, Larry Ellison, Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg and Satya Nadella will gladly annihilate hundreds of billions of dollars to avoid the inevitable, but once they do, it’ll be gruesome.  At the same time, the things that they need to happen — actual profitability, actual returns on investment, actual tangible proof that this is a real thing rather than something they all have to actively conspire to keep alive — aren’t happening at all. Each week, we hear about new AI megaprojects that will dominate our countryside with blinding lights, endless noise and fume-belching gas turbines at such a scale that it feels impossible it could ever stop. The system is absolutely going to try and exhaust itself to keep it going. The government bought $9 billion of Blackwell GPUs , which, to be clear, isn’t a “Too Big To Fail“ moment so much as it’s a way to keep NVIDIA’s plates spinning for another quarter. In truth, the amount of money that NVIDIA needs to keep this going is so extreme that it is now a test of how long the debt markets and the hyperscalers can keep sustaining the hype. A trillion dollars in annual revenue is necessary by the end of 2028, which would require over 30GW of data center capacity to be built by then at a time when only 5GW at most appears to be under construction .  Nevertheless, even the sweatiest, least-trustworthy boosters have begun to sneak in statements about “we’re probably not in a bubble,“ or “yeah it’s a bubble, but it’s a good bubble.” Jeff Bezos, when asked about the AI bubble, said that you “ shouldn’t worry about it ,” which…is not really sufficient, is it Jeff?  None of this is to say that the mood is good! The vibes are disastrous. Everybody is exhausted. Those who love AI vibrate with a strange soullessness, constantly talking about the incredible power of AI without ever showing what it did or, perhaps, what all that supposed saved time got them. It sucks to work at basically any hyperscaler right now.  Basically every person in every job has had somebody intimate they’re going to lose their job to a computer every time they open the newspaper or use a website, and every app has some sort of desperate, vulgar pop-up about a feature that will generate some bullshit, obfuscating the features you actually want to use in favor of those that might lose the company money, because the company has to prove to the people that invested in the company that they’re “futuristic.” Alternatively, their CEO has either mild or severe AI psychosis to the point that they have decided to violate your user experience. AI is a non-consensual technology at its heart. But they are losing. They all know it. They are acting desperate.  It seems that there are nearly as many announcements of new large data center developments as there are cancellations of said data center projects. While hyperscalers can dismiss that as a simple reallocation of capital, and nothing to worry about, it’s harder to ignore the growing backlash against these facilities from locals — and the success that locals have achieved in blocking (mostly temporary, but some permanently) any future developments .  And it gets worse. Anthropic had to conspire with Elon fucking Musk to conjure up a single profitable quarter to swindle the media and its investors one last time . In response, OpenAI either leaked or had leaked immediately following that it had a negative 120% margin and ChatGPT growth had stalled . Anthropic is either the single-most successful grifter of all time or speed-running a con where it fudges together numbers to raise endless amounts of money to keep its billion-dollar burn going.  These are not the actions of honest, sustainable companies that will exist in the future. I believe that we are on course for a truly horrible crash, the likes of which may rewrite the venture capital industry and mortally wound one or more hyperscalers, as well as fundamentally divide society on so many levels into those that fell for this and those that did not. This will, in the short term, be absolutely fucking horrible for our markets and our wider economy as a result of the time-bomb of private credit and private equity. In the long term, I see it as a “They Live” moment for many millions of secret imbeciles and cretins in our midst, and I don’t think it’ll be easy to wash the stench off for those that really pledged themselves to the graveyard smash here. We will win, long term. What they are doing is not working. The future will not be without pain, nor will it be easy, or pleasant, or something I relish in. But in the long term I think this is a moment where the greater Business Idiot incursion faces a reckoning with a reality it believed it could change through sheer force of will. These people don’t know how to build things that work anymore, and thus the only thing they can do is spend money and fire people. They believe in nothing other than growth, and one cannot exist on belief and hype alone, at least not forever. And I can’t wait to watch what happens when it collapses. I’ll close this piece with the regular CTA — please, subscribe to my premium newsletter ($7 a month, $70 a year, you’re gonna love How OpenAI Kills Oracle and The Hater’s Guide To Private Credit — but with a little explanation as to why I do the things I do. I write this newsletter to hopefully do three things: I do it because I believe, fundamentally, that these people — Altman, Amodei, Nadella, and the many, many other villains that I’ve mentioned in these pages — are bad people, and their values are the antithesis of my values. I care about people, and humanity, and truth, and they do not.  I deeply love technology, and feel it made me the person I am today. It allows me to do wonderful things, connect with wonderful people, and discover endless troves of incredible information. The computer is marvelous. The computer has done many wonderful things for me, despite what all the Business Idiots say. I see LLMs as a violation of everything that great computing stands for. The AI industry encourages its users to both accept and present low-quality work and demands that they constantly defend the industry from those who would demand better from it. It is inefficient, power-intensive, environmentally destructive, and inherently sold based on things that it might do, providing far more value to scam artists and con men than it does to its end users.  This is a mask-off moment for both the ruling class and those captured by capital, and an opportunity to look around you and see who is most-easily fooled. No industry of value needs to mislead you or make you feel bad for not adopting their technology. No trustworthy individual will ever see the need to humiliate or attack somebody for being insufficiently excited about a product. No CEO that talks of a theoretical future as a means of selling you software in the present should be trusted. No technology that makes mistakes with regularity should be defended. And no industry that demands everything from us — our land, our energy, our water, our jobs, our art, our writing, our attention and every dollar we have — should ever be treated with anything but revulsion. That “demand” is almost-entirely funded by debt. That “demand” is not an extrapolation of demand for AI services , but for debt’s hunger to invest in something private credit and banks believe in. Private credit and banks believe in data centers based on flawed maths and magical thinking, because they too are run by Business Idiots. AI data centers are themselves a grift, convincing investors that they’re backing large infrastructure projects akin to housing developments or factories, rather than warehouses full of expensive hardware for customers that may or may not actually exist. First, to tell you that the Business Idiot class wants you to doubt yourself, because whether you recognize it or not, they’re engaged in acts of information warfare against you. Second, to remind you that facts are facts, and numbers are numbers, and that no amount of puffery or obfuscation can change pure mathematical reality. The AI bubble is exactly that, a bubble, and like all bubbles, it will eventually pop . Third, to remind you what it is we’re fighting for. Because every newsletter I write isn’t simply about highlighting mathematical stupidity, or corruption, or dishonesty.

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Max Woolf Yesterday

The mysterious Hy3 LLM is topping OpenRouter Model Rankings by a large margin

OpenRouter is a service that provides access to most LLMs with a singular API, which has become exceedingly useful as of late given the rapid cadence of new LLM releases. Due to the company’s role as an intermediary between users and the LLM APIs, OpenRouter has robust, representative data on how users interact with LLMs and it publishes this data on the AI Model Rankings page: a welcome deviation from the labs themselves which generally keep this data secret for competitive reasons. Recently, I checked the OpenRouter rankings and noticed something peculiar. Retrieved May 25, 2026. Two new models are now beating LLM darling Claude in terms of token usage and by more than 50%? I’ve heard of DeepSeek Flash V4 : it’s an open-source release from DeepSeek that is not only fast/cheap, but also performs closer to the leading LLM models at a very low cost so it’s no surprise that it’s incredibly popular. But what the heck is Hy3 preview? I’ve never heard of Hy3 or anyone talking about it. Googling it returns an announcement from Chinese megacorp Tencent about Hy3’s open-source release: the model page itself on Hugging Face is sparse and includes oddly honest benchmark results that are not favorable for the model compared to other Chinese open-source models. Coding-oriented benchmark results for Hy3 from Tencent’s Hugging Face repo. A Hacker News search for Hy3 only returned a single submission that isn’t about Hy3 , and Reddit discussion is more about the open-weights release . One Reddit thread also noted the rise of Hy3 but from May 6, when Hy3 was offered by OpenRouter for free; that free endpoint is no longer available, and therefore Hy3’s usage in the weekly rankings above is from paying users. Hy3 preview is apparently popular in domains outside of agentic coding as well. Retrieved May 25, 2026. Did I miss something? After some nonscientific testing, the model quality is indeed on par with the other Chinese models indicated and not close to models such as Claude Opus 4.7 and GPT 5.5. It’s not a magic overlooked diamond-in-the-rough, so there has to be something else at play. Fortunately, OpenRouter has the data to narrow down possible explanations, but after checking the data I became more confused. Hy3 preview is available from the OpenRouter API at a stated price of $0.066/1M tokens input which is indeed cheaper than the current top-ranked model DeepSeek V4 Flash with a stated price of $0.10/1M tokens input. Given the drastically rising cost of LLMs and coding agents, it makes sense that a cheaper model would prevail, but only if it offered similar quality and that doesn’t appear to be the case. Here’s the chart of Hy3 preview model usage over time on OpenRouter from the model page: Hy3 preview has no usage data before May 8, which implies that is the time the model switched from the free SKU to the paid SKU. Usage is also steady over time since then with the initial rankings shown in this post being several weeks after launch, showing that the usage is at least organic (or very expensive to fake) and not a one-off outlier. Of note, if you do the math on the numbers presented here, the input-token-to-output-token breakdown on LLM API calls is now 98% input , 2% output in aggregate. For the OpenRouter AI Model Rankings, there have historically been spikes by specific apps switching their default to a particular LLM, such as when Kilo Code offered Grok Code Fast 1 for free in September 2025, which rocketed it up in popularity . That does not appear to be the case here because apps only constitute a very small part of Hy3 preview’s activity. The top 5 apps accout for <1% of all activity to Hy3 preview. OpenRouter’s value proposition is the ability to automatically route a given API request to different providers: for open-weight models such as DeepSeek V4 Flash, OpenRouter lists 13 providers, but Hy3 preview only has one provider despite its open weights 1 : the Singapore-based SiliconFlow . Their usage page on OpenRouter shows that SiliconFlow had relatively little usage…until Hy3. The green area corresponds to free Hy3 usage while the blue area corresponds to paid Hy3 usage: OpenRouter does not differentiate them on mouseover which I suspect is a bug. Coincidentially that data visualization shows that usage didn’t drop drastically when Hy3 preview moved from free to paid, which in itself is interesting: if users were not getting value from the free model, they likely would have stopped using it once the costs hit their wallet. What am I missing? Am I overthinking it and the answer is really because “it’s the cheapest” and it received sufficient loss leader traction from the free period? …but is Hy3 preview actually the cheapest LLM backed by a major company on OpenRouter? While I was double-checking some assumptions, I found that OpenRouter has data that shows Hy3 preview is not the cheapest well-performing LLM available: it’s actually DeepSeek V4 Flash, but with interesting caveats. So here are a few more notes about how LLM APIs work that aren’t often discussed. LLM calls are still stateless, which means that after every turn (including user messages to the LLM asking questions), all of the tokens in the current conversation thread are reprocessed, meaning that in the case of agents, the count of input tokens increases cumulatively with each successive message and is one reason why starting new threads frequently as context fills up is encouraged for effective agent use. Reverse-chronological OpenRouter logs from one minute of Zed Agent use with DeepSeek V4 Flash selected. But even before agentic workflows, large inputs such as full PDFs bloated context similarly. As a result, most LLM providers implemented prompt caching , which reuses input tokens processed earlier in the conversation: this is a win-win that saves time/compute for the LLM provider and the savings are passed to the customer. Most LLM providers cache inputs automatically, including when accessed through OpenRouter: the disk-lightning-bolt symbol next to the cost indicates tokens were cached and the cache may not always be hit, especially if OpenRouter switches providers mid-thread. The odd API provider out is the Anthropic (Claude) API which requires paying for a cache write first for some reason. Typically, cache read costs are 10% of the input costs: this is the case for the latest models from OpenAI API , Anthropic API , and Google Gemini API . For the 13 providers that serve DeepSeek V4 Flash, cache read costs are between 20% and 50% of input cost, which makes sense as they may not have the same economies of scale. There’s one DeepSeek V4 Flash provider that’s an exception, though: That’s a 2% cache read cost! (multiply by 2, move decimal left 2 places) How are DeepSeek’s cache read prices so low? DeepSeek has implemented a new approach to KV caching starting with V4 and as the model’s creator it is positioned to best leverage its own innovations, which as mentioned the benefits are passed to the customer. The DeepSeek V4 Pro variant model, when served by DeepSeek, has a cache read cost of 0.83% ! (use a calculator for that one) Remember how I showed that 98% of LLM API costs are now input tokens, which are aggressively cached? That means the “stated” prices of LLMs are now misleading, but unusually in a pro-customer way because the effective price will be much cheaper! To counter this ambiguity, OpenRouter now has a table for effective prices on the model page, which accounts for the cost savings from cache hits. Here’s the effective pricing for DeepSeek V4 Flash via OpenRouter by provider, which is different for each provider as they have different cache read costs and cache hit rates: Retrieved May 25, 2026; these values update every hour. The prices are all over the place, but notice the second row where DeepSeek itself is the provider, which is priced at a whopping $0.018/1M input tokens! That 2% cache read really pays off. Comparing apples to apples with Hy3 preview, the effective pricing for Hy3 preview as noted on its model page from SiliconFlow (a whopping 44% cache read cost) is $0.034/1M: nearly double DeepSeek V4 Flash from DeepSeek! Of course, this is only applicable if DeepSeek is explicitly used as the provider, which some downstream OpenRouter clients/agents may not support: the OpenRouter prices match the prices directly from DeepSeek, so using a direct DeepSeek API key will work the same. There is also an elephant in the room: DeepSeek is a China-based company and some may not want—or may not legally be able—to give their payment processing information or LLM input data to a Chinese company who has set prompt training = on their OpenRouter data policy information, which is a legitimate concern. Yes, subscription-based LLM services such as Claude Code and Codex are still the best bang for your buck if you’re able to consistently exhaust the usage limits. But the super-cheap DeepSeek V4 Flash via the API doesn’t lock you into a subscription, and if you need a bit more agentic compute to finish a project, it’s cheaper than paying for extra usage from the subscription services. 2 At the least, it’s a microeconomic check against additional pricing shenanigans that will likely continue through 2026 as competition in agentic AI heats up. Overall, I still don’t understand the popularity of Hy3 preview on OpenRouter. Given the available data and analysis above, my guess is that a single large app not affiliated with Tencent is indeed using Hy3 as its data-processing backbone, and this app isn’t solely an agentic coding app. But one of the advantages of OpenRouter is that it’s low-lift to switch models and providers: it wouldn’t surprise me if DeepSeek V4 Flash gets a spike in a few weeks once people catch on to its pricing. The license for Hy3 is very restrictive in a way that could potentially prevent providers from adopting the model.  ↩︎ DeepSeek has also just announced its own coding agent platform with V4 Flash that claims to leverage their strong caching, however it’s at 50% input cost but at a significantly more expensive 20% cache read cost so its unclear if the economics are actually cheaper than just using an DeepSeek API key with another agent.  ↩︎ The license for Hy3 is very restrictive in a way that could potentially prevent providers from adopting the model.  ↩︎ DeepSeek has also just announced its own coding agent platform with V4 Flash that claims to leverage their strong caching, however it’s at 50% input cost but at a significantly more expensive 20% cache read cost so its unclear if the economics are actually cheaper than just using an DeepSeek API key with another agent.  ↩︎

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Josh Comeau Yesterday

CSS vs. JavaScript

There are a bunch of JavaScript animation libraries out there, and you might have wondered whether there’s a performance cost compared to traditional CSS transitions and keyframe animations. In this blog post, we’ll compare the same animation across several different strategies and see the differences firsthand. There’s some interesting nuance here!

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Pipeline Parallel Decompression

This isn’t a paper summary, but rather a description of a hobby experiment I’ve been hacking on ("research quality" code). This quote (attributed to either Anonymous or David Clark ) originally referred to networking, but applies to parallel programming as well: There is an old network saying: Bandwidth problems can be cured with money. Latency problems are harder because the speed of light is fixed—you can’t bribe God. Standard "cured with money" parallelization techniques (e.g., shared-nothing architectures, data parallelism) try to minimize cross-core communication. These hammers are great for hitting nails labeled: "improve throughput by throwing more cores at the problem”. Not everything is a nail. Important problems which cannot be solved with this kind of approach include: Parallel network packet processing in cases where load balancing schemes like RSS do not apply Parallel transaction processing when there is high contention between transactions Parallel encryption of a single stream of data Pipeline parallelism has the potential to provide "bribing God” solutions to some of these problems. A potential additional benefit that pipeline parallelism brings to the table is better usage of CPU caches because of a smaller working set. For example, if 8 cores cooperate to process 1 input file, the working set (input data, output data, intermediate data structures) is potentially 8 times smaller than the case where each core processes a separate input file. This caching advantage also applies to instruction caches, as pipeline parallelism distributes the computational steps of an algorithm across cores. Pipeline parallelism has some major drawbacks: Fine-grain synchronization/communication Load imbalance The purpose of this experiment is to put some numbers on the costs and benefits in a real-world application ( DEFLATE decompression). DEFLATE decompression is hard to parallelize because of two tight feedback loops: The position of encoded token in the input stream is not known until token is decoded (because input data is encoded with a variable length code). The output generated by a match (i.e., length & distance tuple) cannot be computed until some amount of previous output has been generated (because a match references previously generated output) A Negative Nancy might view these as problems, but a Positive Pipeliner views them as a guide for how to decompose the algorithm into pipeline stages. The general technique is to dedicate a pipeline stage to each of these feedback loops and whittle them down to be as tight as possible. The design I’ve landed on has three pipeline stages: , , and . The stage computes the length of each encoded token. It simply reads the next 13 bits from the input stream and uses them as an index into a lookup table. The inner loop looks like this: Note that in contrast to non-pipelined implementations, the only thing this code (and the lookup table) are concerned with is finding the length of each token, everything else is dealt with in another pipeline stage. Each iteration of this loop runs in about 8 clock cycles, and the lookup table fits in the L1 cache. The CPU cannot run multiple iterations of this loop in parallel due to the tight dependency chain. The input to the lookup stage is the encoded bits associated with each input token ( in the code above). These bits are used to perform another lookup (in a larger lookup table, stored in the L2 cache) which results in much more information about each token. Optimizing this stage is easy, because it doesn’t contain any tight feedback loops. The CPU can process multiple loop iterations in parallel, which enables it to hide the latency of accessing the L2. If necessary, it would be easy to split this pipeline stage into two. The inner loop looks like this: The structure contains metadata about the input token (literal value and/or information about a match). This data structure does not contain the exact distance associated with the match, the variables named deal with that detail from the DEFLATE spec. The stage writes literals and matches to the output buffer. This code leans on the CPU store-to-load forwarding hardware to deal with match operations which must read data that was recently produced. Each iteration of the inner loop performs a word-sized write of literal data, plus a 32B read and write to read and write match data. Actual store-to-load forwarding is rare, as most match distances are large. The Silesia Corpus contains commonly used files to benchmark compression algorithms. has English text with short matches whereas contains data dumps with longer matches. is an optimized library which can decompress roughly 2-3x faster than the standard . The following chart shows baseline performance on in a shared-nothing architecture where each CPU core decompresses a separate input file. There is one data point for each core count (1, 2, …, 8). As you would expect, throwing more cores at the problem improves throughput, at the cost of slight latency increase. If you want a more interesting tradeoff of throughput vs. latency, you have to bribe God. For example, say you are writing a decompression application. If the user requests a bulk decompression of 100 files, then the optimal choice may assign each file to a CPU core. But if the user requests to decompress a single file, then you would prefer to decompress using multiple CPU cores. And here is the same chart with the 3-stage pipeline implementation added in orange (compare it to the third blue dot from the left for a 3-core vs 3-core comparison): For a 37% cost in throughput, you get a 2x reduction in latency. Here is the chart for , which shows a similar story. Data-parallel throughput saturates at 6 cores. Pipeline parallelism allows a 2.6x latency reduction at the cost of 14% throughput. Dangling Pointers I think there is room for language/runtime support to improve performance of pipeline parallel algorithms on multicore CPUs (by reducing load imbalance). is bound by the chase stage, whereas is bound by the output stage. The programmer could supply multiple implementations of the pipeline (with some compiler help to reduce code duplication), and the runtime could dynamically switch between them depending on which stage is the bottleneck. High level synthesis tools are capable of automatic pipelining. Such techniques could be used to automatically generate many pipeline implementations for the runtime to choose between. The description above leaves out a few implementation details regarding the lookup tables. Because the lookup table data is spread across two cores (i.e., pipeline stages), there is enough room to store data for 2 Huffman tokens (2 literals, or a full match). This provides a large speedup compared to traditional implementations that store all data in the caches of a single core. Because the stage is throughput bound rather than latency bound, it can afford to access the lookup table via a layer of indirection. The 13 input bits are used to lookup a index, and that index is used to access the final data in another lookup table. The second lookup table has fewer entries, but each entry is larger. This reduces the total working set. This design leans heavily on CPU branch prediction. The code snippets shown earlier are for the common cases, with branches used to implement uncommon cases (e.g., a single encoded token that is wider than 13 bits). As long as those cases are rare, branch prediction does a great job of keeping the inner loops humming. An interesting puzzle arose during this experiment. I found that performance could swing widely (~10%) based on where the operating system located stacks of the various threads. The stack address would change from run to run because of ASLR . A little to offset the stack by a small amount would resolve this issue. It seems to be an important consideration when trying to maximize usage of the L1 cache. Subscribe now Parallel network packet processing in cases where load balancing schemes like RSS do not apply Parallel transaction processing when there is high contention between transactions Parallel encryption of a single stream of data Fine-grain synchronization/communication Load imbalance The position of encoded token in the input stream is not known until token is decoded (because input data is encoded with a variable length code). The output generated by a match (i.e., length & distance tuple) cannot be computed until some amount of previous output has been generated (because a match references previously generated output)

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Brain Baking Yesterday

The Decline Of The Family Computer

During a discussion in the Retronaut podcast episode on Duke Nukem 3D , the podcast hosts and invitees thought back to the first time they came in contact with the Duke. Most of them first played the shareware edition—something that Apogee and 3D Realms made very good use of—on the family computer . Intrigued by those two words, I started thinking: what’s a family computer? It’s certainly not Nintendo’s Famicom even though that indeed correctly abbreviates the words. No, the computer wasn’t a console you’d hook onto your television set: it was a separate piece of furniture placed somewhere centrally in the house for all family members to access. More importantly, it was the only computer in the house. That thought bears repeating: the only computational machine with a central processing unit, dedicated memory, expansion slots, and a (very) heavy monitor in the house. How many computers do you have lying around in yours now? We have 2 personal laptops, 1 old but still functioning one, 2 work laptops not owned by us, and 3 retro PCs: that’s eight in total—but none of those could be called a family computer. I don’t want my wife to touch my MacBook: she has her own where she can make a mess on. Joey doesn’t share foo—ahem, laptops. In the early nineties, my dad bought our first family computer: a super modern 80486 with 40 Mhz that back then cost (more than twice the amount of what my father in law paid for his in 1994 ). Taking inflation into account, that’s more than . Needless to say, it was a huge investment and every little bit of usage was squeezed out of it in the following years. I even remember my dad driving to Brussels to fetch it, presumably because in our neighbourhood there was no-one making a similar offer? That 486 became the family computer: it was used by everyone. My eldest sister and I were small kids and my youngest sister was still a toddler so more than playing edutainment DOS games initially didn’t happen. When the Pentium arrived and the Voodoo 3Dfx cards came along, my dad couldn’t resist upgrading. He even got into overclocking (and blew up one of our graphics cards along the way). I started showing even more interest in that mesmerising beige machine. When I moved on to high school and got my Christian confirmation, my parents bought me my very own computer. Finally I could mess around without fearing the loss of important bookkeeping files and other things I wasn’t allowed to touch on the family computer downstairs. That must have been in 1997 or 1998: the beginning of the end of the family computer. Why ask to play on the family computer when I have my own? I still did because my dad’s PC was more powerful and he liked to keep it upgraded. I initially couldn’t play early 3D platformers (e.g. PlayStation ports like Pandemonium!) because a Voodoo card was expensive and we only had one. As years flew by during that period of extremely rapid hardware invention, that difference disappeared. The family computer became my dad’s computer. My sisters got their own desktop PCs. In other words, computing individualism became affordable. The family PC in the kitchen or living room moved out to the private study. In In Defense of the Family Computer , Niklas Barning predicts that with prices of RAM and general hardware going up again, the family computer might return. He writes: Back in the day, a computer was something so special and expensive that you only had one, and it was set up in a way that everyone had access to it. Dropping easily qualifies as “special and expensive”. But buying a new MacBook with 344686 TB RAM and 3482354 M4 CPUs only costs you nowadays. When turning our attention to cars, you can see the same evolution: the single family car got turned into mom’s car and dad’s car (or even the son/daughter’s car) appeared on the driveway as well. Another victory for capitalism and individualism—I’ll leave it as an exercise for the reader to figure out their relationship. Or how about the single family TV that gradually leaked to children’s (and parent’s) bedrooms and now is so pervasive that small children like ours know that you can watch anything on a phone? I have mixed feelings about the history of the family computer. It is thanks to that machine that I now am what I am, but it is also thanks to its decline that I retreated more often than not to my room to game, program, or do other naughty computery stuff. The social aspect that sparked conversation died along with it. Or at least moved to ICQ and then MSN . By Wouter Groeneveld on 26 May 2026.  Reply via email .

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DHH Yesterday

Basecamp Five

I've been working on Basecamp for half my life, and nearly my entire professional career in software. The first code was written in the summer of 2003 when I was just 23. Now I'm 46, and we've just released the fifth major version.  It's an incredible update to a service that continues to help about a million users a day avoid dropping the ball when working with others. It's AI accessible, but not agent hysteric. It's still famously easy to use, still executes the basics beautifully, and still focuses on the small to medium-sized teams we've been serving in the Fortune 5,000,000 for decades. Here are just three of my favorite new features in Basecamp 5: Lexxy editor: Our new text editor finally brings tables, markdown, and live syntax highlighting for code to Basecamp. Oh, and voice notes. It's built on Meta's Lexical editor toolkit, and it's going to ship as the default for Action Text in the next major version of Rails. Keyboard accessible: After moving to Linux, building Omarchy, and acquiring a taste for mechanical keyboards, I've come to love navigating the computer primarily through hotkeys. So with a lot of effort, Basecamp is now a delight to drive through the keys, and you don't have to be a brainiac to remember them all: just hold down SHIFT, and they're revealed in the interface. SHIFT + S opens the sidebar, ESC moves focus between it and the main page, SHIFT + C starts composing a comment/chat line/answer. The permanent sidebar: If you live in Basecamp, like I do, it's to stay on top of all the new things that are constantly happening in a busy account, and that's just gotten so much faster with the new permanent sidebar. Before, we had a Hey! menu in the top bar. You'd get a little dot when something was new, then you'd open it, click, and the menu would close. If you had five things that were new, it'd be open-click-close, open-click-close, five times. Being able to zoom through these now with just the return key, tap, tap, tap, and I've read three new things. So good. And there's so much more. Jason put together a great summary on the new marketing site, which in itself is brand new too. A back-to-basics design in many ways. As our entire industry is getting swept up in agent hysteria (and I love AI as much as anyone!), we thought it better to focus on the human communication that's the cornerstone of Basecamp. The new site just speaks plainly to that mission and shows you the software right at the top. Another thing that's back is color, specifically in the logo. Basecamp's clever but flat paperclip logo has been replaced with a modern take of our original rolling mountains. In full three dimensions, with depth and a gradient. Love it.  Overall, I'm really proud of what we've built with Basecamp Five. We're inching in on a quarter of a century in service! We still have customers who signed up back in early 2004! This is the kind of legacy that makes me beam, and the new version is just ace.  If you've tried Basecamp in the past, it's time to take another look. If you haven't tried it yet, you're in for a treat.

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Unsung Yesterday

“But obviously, that’s just silly stuff.”

This 22-minute video by Karl Jobst describes a pretty wild discovery of a glitch called Crystal Storage Glitch, allowing to skip a certain level for much faster completion times in Mega Man X2: = 2x) and (width >= 700px)" srcset="https://unsung.aresluna.org/_media/but-obviously-thats-just-silly-stuff/yt1.2096w.avif" type="image/avif"> = 3x) or (width >= 700px)" srcset="https://unsung.aresluna.org/_media/but-obviously-thats-just-silly-stuff/yt1.1600w.avif" type="image/avif"> I won’t spoil the glitch because it’s a fascinating combination of a corner case, a race condition, and even a dose of dumb luck. Its finding unveils almost like a scientific discovery over many years – first a theoretical possibility, then a first sighting done in a modified emulator, then confirmation made by a machine via a tool-assisted speedrun, and eventually actual performance by someone by hand. And a lot of this achieved by relative newcomers to the community, too. There is certain poetry here in having to go slow to go fast – you’ll see what I mean. #bugs #games #speedrunning #youtube

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14 down, 30 more to go

The stars are finally aligned again, and I’m back on the road for chapter 3 of this 10-part saga. Clear sky, not too warm, I have someone who can come pick me up and drive me back to my car, the calendar is empty, so we’re going for it. Contrary to the previous two segments of this walk, this one’s quite lean on the churches department—we’ll only see 3 of them—but it’s by far the most challenging one from a physical perspective. That is, if you’re a sane person and you do these walks the way they’re intended to be walked. There’s an upcoming one that’ll likely be more challenging, but we’ll get there eventually. For now, in front of us, we have about 16 kilometers to walk and roughly 1600 meters of elevation to gain. So we better get going. Breakfast is in—coffee and bread with Nutella + peanut butter if you’re wondering—and after a short drive, we’re back at the same parking spot where we ended our walk a few weeks back. Flip flops are off, hiking shoes are on, sprayed some SPF50+ on my face and head, and we’re ready to walk. I say we, but it’s just me. Well, me and you reading this. I walked this one solo, but it is quite fun to do these hikes while keeping in mind that I’ll have to write this newsletter. I’m very much enjoying it. We cross the road, walk through another parking lot, and we immediately see sings that tell us that we’re on the correct track. Quite a few trails run through here, apparently, I counted at least 4 different ones. But we’re here to follow the yellow and white marks (for the most part), so over the bridge we go and across the fields. We’re not even 5 minutes in, and already there’s a steep stone stair in front of us. We have 1600 meters to climb after all, we better start sooner rather than later. The initial part of the trail was a bit overgrown, and I was worried it was going to continue like that for quite some time because this is not a trail that sees a lot of traffic but, thankfully, that wasn’t the case. I was also surprised by how varied the trail is at the beginning. We’re not even 15 minutes in, and we have already walked through fields, up stone stairs, and now we’re on a stone “bridge”. And shortly after that, here we are climbing another stone stair, but this time built as part of the dry stone wall. Big fan of these walls, they’re so cool. The forest itself is also quite nice here. The problem we have at the moment is that as soon as the warm season hits, the vegetation explodes, and sometimes the trails become an absolute mess. 15 minutes into the walk and we have now connected with a proper road, and we’re no longer on a trail. There are a lot of these roads around here. They’re service roads for people who have properties, but they’re closed to general traffic. Still, it’s quite rare to see cars on these and you usually only see mountain bikes. Actually, you usually see nobody on these roads. We’re now almost at the first exciting part of this journey. The yellow and white marks take us right, but that’s the normal path. We’re going left because we have one of those pesky variants to take care of and, as you know, I don’t want to walk the same road twice which means I made some changes to the original route. The problem is, I am not 100% certain the trail I saw on the map exists. It’s there on the map, sure, but a lot of times I saw lines on maps that were not there in reality. Thankfully for us, the trail is there—and it is steep—and we can continue forward since the first church is not far from here. We have already gained enough elevation to see things from above, and the view is lovely. And just like that, we’re at the site of the church of San Leonardo Abate (12/44) likely built around 1540. The church is similar to many of the others we saw in previous walks, but the interesting aspect of this one is that it has the old bell visible on the outside porch. Apparently the was a bell tower that got demolished, and I guess they decided to put the bell on display. I tried to take a picture of the inside, but it was too sunny. And in case you’re wondering, the church still has a bell outside. This church is the one that’s part of the variant, so we’re now standing at the end of that part of the trail. Which means we need to walk back to the main path, so off we go in that direction. The weather is still absolutely gorgeous. Out of the woods, across some fields, through a tiny, tiny village, and we’re now back on asphalt for a little bit, heading towards the next church, which is just right around the corner. But first, no, not a Mary, we get our first Jesus out in the wild. There’s gonna be a few more, I think we’ll see more Jesuses and Marys this time around. I should probably start counting these. 1 hour and 15 minutes in, and we have reached the church of San Zenone (13/44). Which, I’ll be honest with you, is everything but small. Consecrated in 1493, it’s probably the most luxurious one of the bunch I’ve seen so far. And it has a nice view. If you’re team Mary, it’s your time to be happy because look what we have here, just outside the church. This also doubles as a memorial for the fallen during both world wars. We’re only 20% into this walk, and we have already seen 2 of the 3 churches we’ll visit today and the next one is waiting for us roughly 3kms ahead. So we leave civilization behind us, we climb up through the forest, and we emerge on another of those service roads. I decided to try something different this time around since I was alone, and I recorded a couple of minutes of the walk. It’s unlisted on YouTube; hopefully, you don’t get bombarded by ads. The video is embedded below, or you can watch it on YouTube . Part of me was tempted to title it “You’ll not believe what happened on this trail”. On our way up, we stumble on this interesting-looking tree. I have no idea what could have caused this. If you happen to know, send me an email. I’d love to learn more about this. Also on our way up, in the middle of nowhere, stuck inside a retaining wall, another Jesus. Finally out of the woods and back into civilisation for a little bit. We’re almost halfway through our walk, and I was planning to take a quick break after 2 hours, but the remaining church was not too far, so we keep going. Like my dog, they’re also not massive fans of the hot weather. We’re less than 200 meters from the final church, where I was planning to take a quick break, but look how lovely this spot is! There’s a bench—yes, there is a bench hidden in the tall grass—two big trees that provide some much-needed shade, and a swing! We’ve found our resting spot. And since we’re stopping here, I'll use this opportunity to let my shirt dry a little bit. This place is so relaxing, I contemplated taking a nap, but we still have 8kms to walk and some 800 or so meters of elevation to gain, so the nap will have to wait. Shirt is back on, backpack is back on, we’re walking again, ready to visit the third and final church of the day, the church of San Lorenzo Martire (14/44) We’re now done with the churches, and we can set our sights on the top of Mount Matajur, our next target. The official trail would not take us up there and walk around it but, come on, if we get that close to the summit, we might as well go up to the top. And so into the forest we go again. I’m not sure who’s getting a point here between team Jesus and team Mary. I’ll let you decide. I never walked on this side of the mountain. I walked this general area many, many times, but never walked here, and I’m loving it. I also found this interesting construction. It’s currently used as a shed, but I wonder if it was used for something else in the past. It does look quite old. Time to record another short video , I think one day I should attempt to make a video of a full hike recorded in 60 seconds chunks all stitched together. Could be fun, I might do it the next time around. We’ll be out of the forest soon, but first we need to walk through a lot of flowers. There are so many colours out here at the moment, between the flowers and the butterflies. What a lovely time of the year this is. We have emerged, we’re now fully under the sun, and it is hot. I’m also starting to feel the fatigue a little bit. But we’re powering on because we’re almost there. We also have a great view on a ridge I’m dying to walk, but can’t figure out the logistic of the trip. It’s a 30+ kms walk from one end to the other, I can’t take the dog with me, and I also can’t leave him alone at home that long. So this is a walk that will have to wait for a better time. But damn if it is tempting. The summit is in sight, we’re almost there. That’s not the end of the walk, just the highest point, but once there, walking the final part is gonna be super easy since it’s all downhill. And here we are, at the top of Mount Matajur , quite literally on the border between Italy and Slovenia. I hiked this mountain more times than I can remember, at all times of the day, during all the seasons and with all sorts of weather. I walked it with snow, with rain, with winds at 100kmh, at night, at sunset, at sunrise, you name it. And on the other side, we have a view of lovely Slovenia. Way too many people up here today though, but that was expected. This is a very easy hike, and plenty of people come up here over the weekend. We’re not gonna spend much time up here, but I might come back another time and take you for a hike with me from a different route. That could be fun. Today’s hike is gonna end down there, at the parking lot next to Rifugio Pelizzo. Down the mountain we go, which feels so nice after having walked uphill for the entire hike. I could go on another 6 hours, but there’s no need to do that because we only have 1km left to walk. And just like that, we’re at the parking lot. I actually walked down some more to a secondary parking spot because there were too many people yelling and screaming at the main one. And the next chunk of this walk passes through here anyway, so next time we’ll start from this same spot. And there you have it, we have walked from Pulfero sitting at 185 meters above sea level, up to the top of mount Matajur at 1643 meters and visited 3 churches on our way up. This was fun, and less tiring than I was expecting. The data recorded by my watch during the walk is available if you’re interested in that type of stuff, and I have dumped all my photos on the shared iCloud album . The only thing left to do now is eat a proper post-hike snack. See you next time! You love the outdoors and RSS. You're one of the special ones.

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Unsung Yesterday

Within or without

In Figma, when choosing a font, you can filter down a list of fonts from “all” to specific categories or e.g. only fonts present in the current file. But when you type into the search field, the search cuts across all fonts again, ignoring the applied filter. The search effectively lives outside the filter. In Keyboard Maestro, when adding an action, you can click in the nav to filter down to a specific category. And when you search, the current filter remains active, so you search inside the filter. Which one is better? I don’t have a universal rule here, because it will depend both on the UI treatment, and the specific filters and searches people do. But I think here, my recommendation for Keyboard Maestro here would be to do the same thing as Figma does. I designed that flow in Figma, so I might be biased, but my reasons are: On that last note, I find it’s good to look around what you’ve designed once in a while and consider not what the UI set out to be, but what it became – there might be more examples of that around you. #flow #interface design There aren’t really a lot of options in each category, so you don’t benefit a lot from double filtering. But the most important thing: For both Figma and Keyboard Maestro, the text field might smell like a text filter and as such expected to be multiplexed with the category filter, but I think this field is actually something else: It’s quick keyboard access, like ⌘F or Spotlight or Raycast. And if you think about it this way, it’s important for it to be deterministic – I can always type “Output Sans,” no matter what state am I in, and get to the font.

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ava's blog Yesterday

navigating unknown cities without a smartphone

While I was at the conference, my wife explored Brussels on her own. As you might know, she doesn't have a smartphone, and the only similar thing she has is a tablet with only WiFi capabilities. Public WiFi is more and more common, but you can still walk half the city without a connection. I asked her to document her experience, as I think most people would like to rely on their smartphone a lot during travels in another country in a city they have never been to before, even just to use live map navigation or spontaneously searching for the next café or restaurant that fits their needs. This is not meant to be a " dumbphone superior, touch grass " post; obviously, in today's world, the above circumstance is needlessly cumbersome. But I still wanted to give insight into it, and maybe it inspires less smartphone dependence during travels, relying more on your intuition and environment to navigate, or reassures you when the battery runs out. In the end, you still have signs and strangers to help. Once again the Dumb Phone-Wife rears her pretty Head to bless you with Tales of her pre-smart Life in a post-smart World and her Capitalisation-Idiosyncracy. Hello once more, esteemed Readers! As you've read before my Wife and I just were in Brussels for a few Days. As Ava was busy from Morning till Evening on every Day that left me with a lot of Time to spend on my own. This is not going to be a Travel report of my own though, you will be able to find that on my own Blog later this Week. Instead, Ava asked me to write a Guest Post for her Blog, about how I navigate being on my own in a new City, getting where I want to go and finding out what I need to know — as always without Smartphone nor mobile Data. One of the hardest Aspects of it is indeed literal Navigation. Most People today rely heavily on having an accurate and reliable GPS-Device in the Form of their Smartphone on their Person at all Times to find there Way around while out and about. Which I freely admit is an immensely practical and helpful Tool — but in my Eyes more nice-to-have than essential. I am not so old-fashioned that I would insist on using printed Maps or written Directions, rather I am taking the middle Way there. My Tablet luckily has the Feature to download set Areas of Maps for Offline-Use, which comes in very handy whenever I am alone and need to find my Way to Places. So what I usually do is save the Map of an Area, in this Case the Brussels-Region, and then use it to generate the Routes I need. Without GPS there obviously is no real Live-Tracking of my Position, it tells me roughly where I am though, based on WiFi-Networks in the Vicinity though (I'm not entirely sure why this works and it is a bit bewildering, but can't deny it being useful from Time to Time either). So I mainly use it to unburden myself of having to decide on Routes myself, as I can horribly indecisive about that, and tell me how for it will be. Then when following these Routes I'll have a Step-by-Step Instruction and to compensate the Lack of Livetracking I just pay heightened Attention to Roadsigns, Landmarks/Businesses along the Way and if I am going by Car actually my Mileage-Counter too, to know when a certain Distance until the next Turn/Exit/etc. will be over. To avoid having to give those Instructions any more Attention than absolutely necessary (Eyes on the Road!) I also thoroughly go through these Routes beforehand and try to memorise them as good as possible. Not Error-free and perfect, but also does help a Lot to make it easier and prepares me for what to expect on the Journey. Of course I still get lost...occasionally..., but so far this only every was a minor Annoyance and Delay, not an actual Problem. One Situation that comes to Mind during the recent Trip was when I had to use a specific Motorway Access, but the next Junction came so quickly, that I couldn't react on Time — so I had to drive until the next Exit and then get back on in the opposite Direction, inconvenient, but no big Deal. Generally when I'm driving alone I am very laidback about these Kind of Situations, and Motorways at least are very simple in their Layout and Direction most of the Time. Missing a Turn or taking the wrong one in the City tends to be more of a Hassle, because there is more Traffic and you get to Experience People's Impatience more directly, but even then I consider myself quite good at keeping an Overview what Street I should be on and then just try to get back en Route. Doesn't work flawlessly every Time, especially when I'm not very familiar with the Area. I never get really lost though thanks to the Map, and if it becomes too confusing, I can just use a long red Phase at a Traffic Light or stop on the Side of the Road to re-orient myself. Usually works just fine, and eventually I get where I want too without too much Issue. Another very present Aspect of being in a new City without a Smartphone is finding out about Places you want to go to to begin with. As both Ava and I are vegan and we have to consider some Allergies this is not merely a Matter of Sightseeing or Shopping, but more so relevant for finding Places to eat at that fulfill our Requirements, after all most Places still are not at a Point yet where we could just walk into any Food Establishment and expect to find something for us there. The Website Happy Cow is an absolute Lifesaver there, as it is probably the easiest and most reliable Way to find out about Restaurants with vegan Options in any given Area. On this Trip we used it extensively too, even wrote down a List of interesting sounding Restaurants, Cafés, Pâtisseries, etc. with their respective Adresses ahead of the Trip. In the End we didn't go to all of them (wasn't my Plan anyway, I'm always in Favour of some Redundancy) and also went to some that weren't on the List, but once again just being prepared helps a lot. One Thing I noted in Brussels is that there were relatively few public WiFi-Networks available. This is not necessarily a Problem, but it did stick out to me. Compared with Germany, where every bigger City seems to have their own public Hotspots in the City Center to use (which I am not above at all). Meanwhile the only one I encountered there, that wasn't affiliated with a specific Business was one in the Ravensteingalerij, which is basically a Shopping Centre, so not a really a public Service as the ones here are either. Stores and Restaurants also seemed to have their own public WiFi less often than I am used to here either, but I can't say that as definitely, because that might have just been my subjective Experience there. As I said, this is not a Problem per se, but given how here I reliably have constant Access to WiFi at least in the central Pedestrian Mainstreets and there basically not at all, I did also had to figure that into my Planning, which mostly meant preparing more thoroughly while still at the "Hotel" (for the Quotation Marks see Ava's Post). Which might have been a bit more restrictive if I had intended to be more explorative of the City and had wanted to look around more than I did this Time, thanks to Heat, hurting Feet and other Reasons. So I mostly limited my solo Endeavours to a few specific Target Locations and was satisfied with that. All in all, I would not claim that navigating a new (and big!) City without constant Internet Connection and GPS is not harder than with a Smartphone, but it is definitely very doable with good Preparation, a bit of Creativity and being able to think on your Heels at least occasionally. It is a bit of a Challenge, and I would even assume that it did not get easier in the Years since Smartphones became ubiquitous, most of it is just a Matter of Habit and easily learned Skills though. I would say I am faring pretty well with it and get by just fine. P.S. Not related to the Topic at all, but recently I realised that modern Dumbphones don't seem to have Holes to attach Charms at all, which is a bit sad! That was it! :) Reply via email Published 26 May, 2026

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The pressure

I’m doing Open Source primarily because I love it. The social aspects, the for-the-good angle and for the challenge of engineering this to work for everyone. I also do it because it is my full-time job and getting food on the table and provide for my family is not unimportant. It may come as a shock, but I am not in this game for the money or the extravagant life style. I have been working full-time on curl since 2019. For me, this typically means doing 50 hour work weeks, as I spend all days on it and then I top them off with a few more hours every late night – all days of the week, I spend all this time on curl because it is a work of love and it is both my job and my spare time hobby and no one counts my hours anyway. (And no, I do not recommend anyone else to do the same. I’m not suggesting this for others.) I consider my primary work-related mission in life to be to make curl the best transfer library and tool possible and make it qualify as a top project in Open Source, quality, performance and not the least, security. I believe we generally meet these lofty goals. I founded the curl project, I am still a lead developer in the project almost thirty years later. While I always clearly state that curl is not a one-man shop and that curl would absolutely not be what it is without my awesome curl team mates, a large part of the world still thinks of curl as my project and sometimes more or less equals curl with my person. I cannot help to take curl issues personally. When someone critiques curl, it is by extension a complaint on decisions and choices I stand by and behind – and many cases I made the calls. curl is personal to me. curl has formed my life forever. I have two kids. They were both born many years after I started working on curl and they are both adults and independent individuals now. I love them dearly. Life passes by but curl remains. We’ve had slow times and busy times. The decades pass. Later this year the curl project celebrates thirty years. We typically repeat that the number of curl installations in the world is perhaps thirty billion. Over the last years I have done numerous blog posts on the state of security reports submitted to curl. They have gradually switched over from complaints on stupid LLMs , to stupid AI slop reports , closing the bug bounty over to the current high quality chaos which for us started maybe at some point in March 2026. We have seen many spectacular security failures through the years, in Internet products, in software infrastructure and in Open Source. Every time we read about those events, we get reminded about how curl is everywhere and how we really really really do not want anything such to happen to us or our users. And we take another lap around the project, tighten every bolt a little more, add a few more checks, tests and guidelines to ideally make the curl ship ever so slightly less likely to ever leak or sink. Recently, after I pointed out that Mythos only found a single low severity problem in curl in its first scan, countless people have repeated the claim that curl is one of the most scrutinized, most reviewed, most fuzzed and most verified source codes you can imagine. Perhaps that’s true, but I just want to mention this: that’s not by mistake. That’s not an accident or a happy circumstance. That’s the result of relentless work and attention to details through decades. Software engineering done right . Iterative improvements over time that simply never ends is an effective method. This does not however mean that we don’t have bugs or that we don’t have security problems left, because we do. We have hundreds of thousands of lines of source code that is doing highly parallel networking for many protocols on all imaginable operating systems and CPU architectures – in C. So we fix the problems, patch them up and ship new releases. Over and over. Thirty billion installations world-wide means that everyone reading this blog post has curl installed multiple times in stuff they own. In phones, tablets, cars, TVs, printers, game consoles, kitchen equipment and more. Not to mention all the online digital services we use and those devices communicate with. I cannot stress the importance of curl security and I would guess that most of you agree with me. I am jealous of those projects that shipped a horrible bug at some point in the past that made the world burn for a while. They got attention and some of them then got funding and financial muscles to get them staff and hire multiple full time engineers. I sometimes think we would be better off if we also had one of those. A thirty years old project could make you think you’ve seen most things already, but we have not been in this situation before. The rate of incoming security reports is 4-5 times higher than it was in 2024 and double the speed of 2025 – meaning that on average we now get more than one report per day . The quality is way higher than ever before. The reports are typically very detailed and long. In order to manage this incoming flood of submissions, we need to make sure to handle them as soon as possible as we know there are more coming. If we don’t take care of them roughly at the same speed they arrive, the backlog just grows and having that list of potential security problems in a list that you don’t have control over takes a mental toll. I spend almost all my days right now working through the list of reported security issues that we have on Hackerone. Verify the claim, assess the importance, write a patch, figure out when the bug was introduced, understand the vulnerability, write a detailed advisory explaining the problem to the world and communicate all this with the security researcher and the rest of the curl security team. For the first time in my life, my wife voiced concerns about my work hours and my imbalanced work/life situation. I work more than I’ve done before, but the flood keeps coming. People in my surrounding, I guess reading between the lines, have asked me how I and we cope with this deluge and want to make sure we don’t burn in the process. I am concerned for my team mates. I might soon have to reduce my work hours to allow myself more breathing time. This is a never-before seen or experienced pressure on the curl project and its security team members. An avalanche of high priority work that trumps all other things in the project that is primarily mental because we certainly could ignore them all if we wanted, but we feel a responsibility, we have a conscience and we are proud about our work. We feel obliged to fix security problems in the software we have helped shipped to every device on the globe. This is personal to us. With about half the release cycle left until the pending release ships, we already have twelve confirmed vulnerabilities meaning twelve pending CVE announcements. That’s a new project record and it also means we will reach thirty published CVEs in 2026 even before half the calendar year has passed. The projected total amount of curl CVEs published through the whole year is therefore at least double this number! What help would we like? Short term it is a little late. We already have work up to our ears. I wish more companies that use and depend upon curl or libcurl in commercial software and services would chime in their part to fund us. We could then pay more developers to distribute the work load across. That would be great. Feel free to contact me to discuss how you can contribute to this. Get your employer to pay for a support contract! Fortunately we have customers who already do this, so some of us can work on curl full time. I am a pragmatic (and a bit of a cynic) and I have danced this dance for a long time already. I have no illusions that anything significant is going to change in this area even if we are in an unparalleled situation and in a tighter spot than ever before. I totally expect us to ride out this storm by ourselves. Like we are used to. We will survive. We will endure. It might just be a bit of a shaky period in the project and in the world at large as we try to maneuver our way through this. There’s a tsunami coming over us and all we can do is swim, there are no life boats for us. The curl project is not owned by a company. We are not part of any umbrella organization. This makes us a little under-powered at times, but it also gives us maximum freedom and flexibility. We act solely in the interest of making curl as good as possible for the world and curl users. Fixing bugs and problems is good. Every reported problem implies a fixed issue. curl becomes a better product. What is also a good trend: almost no one finds terrible vulnerabilities. All vulnerabilities found the last few years in curl have all been deemed severity LOW or MEDIUM. I’m not saying there won’t be any more HIGH ever, but at least they are rare. The most recent severity high curl CVE was published in October 2023. Right now we are under a little pressure. Forgive us if we are a little slow to respond sometimes. Image by Brian Merrill from Pixabay

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iDiallo Yesterday

Amber Alert with Spam URL?

Well that was weird. I just received an Amber Alert and the link led to a spammy looking website. The link leads to a 3gp file converter which is highly unusual. But the more I look at it, I have the impression it's a mistake. Most likely, they have exceeded the maximum number of characters for the Emergency Service alert. Here is the message: AN AMBER ALERT HAS BEEN ACTIVATED BY THE CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY PATROL. DALEZA FREGOSO WAS LAST SEEN ON MAY 24, 2026 AT 0400 HOURS IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY. THE SUSPECT VEHICLE IS A WHITE 2019 WHITE LAND ROVER DISCOVERY CA 9DAW715. CLICK ON THE LINK FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. https://bit.ly/A0 It seems like the total character count is 288. I'm not sure if the title should be included but if I add and the double space after, then we have 320 characters. Is this the character limit for emergency services? When I clicked on it, it took me to the bitly preview page: And clicking on the button, I'm taken here: Suspicious Link I was starting to wonder if this was even a real Amber alert, and if somehow this was a spam message that was sent through. But unfortunately, it is a real amber alert, as I was able to find the matching alert on missingkids.com . However, I don't see a way to request a correction. I understand that bitly was often used to shorten links, but there should be a way for a service like amber alert to test those links before they are sent. At least on my android, once I click on the link, the alert is dismissed never to be seen again. When the link is incorrect, now we have this problem where we can never get the information back. In this case, I was only able to get the link because I received the alert on both my phones. Also I've learned that Amber alerts have a character limit of 360 characters . So I'm still not sure what went wrong with this one. Update: 39 minutes later (8:25pm) a second message was sent with a correction. Corrected Link Most likely a copy and paste error.

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On Magnifica Humanitas

The Vatican has just released Leo XIV’s Encyclical, Magnifica Humanitas , and I figured I would read through and give my commentary on such a pivotal document in the era of “AI” and the continual lockstep toward dehumanizing all of humanity. I sit at an interesting crossroads between Catholicism and Technology, and try every day to reconcile the two in the way that I work - so this will be a interesting deep dive. Sit back, grab a coffee, and let’s read. I will provide my commentary below as I read through the various sections of the Encyclical. I was going to read the whole thing on stream, but it’s 42,000 words long, so will just provide the highlights as I read. I’ll provide quotes and things that stuck out to me, as well as my personal thoughts. I have seen so many surface level takes on Twitter that I wrote a piece about primary sources and the slew of opinion in the modern world . How many people have actually read this piece? I would hazard to guess very few. People think that the Pope is now on the board of Anthropic, or that the Vatican is now investing in this stuff. I kid you not. But, I digress. Immediately, the Tower of Babel is mentioned, and discussion of the role of humanity as the steward of the gift that is this life and world toward the Greatest Good. Every era is a unique opportunity for all to build it’s own collapsing tower to the “heavens” without God, and AI is the tower being built currently. Humanity has the potential in it’s own right to grow toward fullness, and the distraction/lie is that AI will help us to grow in that direction. Quite the opposite. We are living the greatest story ever written, and as characters in the book, we can be active participants in the outcome, by acting in accordance with that which is written for each and every one of us. Everyone has a role to play, in communion with Christ we can can overcome those challenges. There are real implications here and now to the teachings of the Gospel, and we can find the intersection of Heaven and Earth here and now, it is “already, not yet” - in that we actively create a better or worse world. Science and the Church are not at odds, rather science and faith are two paths up the same mountain, all things done in honest pursuit of The Truth are part of the same conversation and journey. The Church has great history with the sciences, and the teachings are not inert - just like Christ is alive today so too are the teachings. Technology has always had the ability to free or to enslave. In the cases of social media and the internet, we have slowly been building the cage for ourselves, and LLMs are an overt caging of the human ability and creative nature if we so allow it to become. There was someone trying to argue that “we” need to “win” the AI race on twitter the other day, to which I simply replied “who is we?” The only team I want to be a part of is the team that understands that “winning at all costs” is no way to win at all. The only team to be on is team Humanity here. When there are a couple trillion dollar companies that control the entire narrative and advancement, that is not “we”. Where are we going? This is the first person I have seen ask the simple question. The idea that we should just progress for progresses’ sake is no goal at all. “Just because we can” is not a reason. “Someone else will do it” is not a reason. These are the real questions we need be asking, unless we want to destroy ourselves. Pope Leo then contrasts the Tower of Babel with he rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem. The project of the Tower was a project without the reference to God, as a “human achievement” rather than done for His Glory and does the opposite of unifying humanity - it scatters it. The aim to reach Heaven without God is a failing idea, one that is reflected in technological advances time and time again. Technology is not a cure all, nor is it intrinsically evil, it amplifies and takes on the human characteristics of the creators. Just as nothing is perfect created by man, so too are the technologies that we create - it is the means to an end, but the End must always remain forefront. We run the risk of dehumanizing our fellow man with technology. I have seen it myself in that one can replace real relationships with communication protocols, but they don’t make up for real face to face interactions, sitting together discussing the intricacies and depths of this life. relationship with God. It means recognizing that the truth of his love calls us to life “in all its fullness” ( Jn 10<10>) and communion with him. Like Saint Augustine, we too can say, “You have made us for yourself, O Lord, and our heart is restless until it rests in you.” [8] Indeed, God has inscribed in our hearts a desire for happiness that embraces all the dimensions of life. The Church, in dialogue with the men and women of our time, recognizes the urgent need to safeguard and guide this aspiration toward its deepest truth. I would make the argument that we are innately incapable of building the Cathedrals of old today not because we don’t have the ability, but because we don’t have the collective goal, the collective pursuit of the transcendent. When something is made to orientate toward the Infinite, you feel it in your being, and we by and far incapable of this today unless we do a hard u-turn toward that which is eternally true. Today, the human desire for fullness of life is at risk of being misled by deceitful goals, such as the prospect of a technology that promises to free us from all weakness, and models of wellbeing that leave behind entire populations. All too often, we place our hope in unlimited “upgrades,” in forms of progress that exacerbate inequalities, and in immediate solutions incapable of healing people’s wounds. The human being is capable of Sainthood - every single person is. What we actually do by alleviating (perceived) suffering is that we take away the potential to realize this end. In the era of artificial intelligence, when human dignity is threatened by new forms of dehumanization, ours is the pressing duty to remain profoundly human. True progress always stems from a heart open to others, an intelligence willing to listen and a will that seeks what unites rather than what separates. contribution of individual popes and their most relevant documents, we do not first clarify some fundamental principles concerning the way in which the Church exists in history and relates to the world. Failing to do so would expose Social Doctrine to the risk of being perceived as an undue interference in “worldly” matters or as an external code of ethics imposed from above. In reality, it stems from a Church that walks alongside humanity, recognizing the autonomy of earthly realities and the distinction between ecclesial and political communities. Indeed, it is for this very reason that she strives to serve the common good. The Church does not coerce those to believe but to provide a guidance in worldly matters, for all things can be sacramental. This is a realization I have had in that life is a sacrament, the way in which we conduct ourselves permits us to see God more clearly or to shroud Him away. The Church is a vessel on which we step to journey through time to go beyond. The Church regards all who sincerely seek “truth, goodness and beauty” as companions on the journey, and considers them as “precious allies” [12] in defending the dignity of every person and in caring for creation. Much of this is setting the stage of Catholic social teaching and why the Church takes stances due to previous teaching so I will skip ahead to Chapter Three in which Pope Leo discusses Artificial Intelligence directly. Gospel is not established once and for all, but remains a task entrusted, from generation to generation, to the Christian community. Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, the Church allows herself to be enlightened by God’s word, reads the signs of the times and creatively seeks new ways for relationships between peoples and nations to become ever more conformed to the demands of the Kingdom of God. [118] For this reason, I encourage all members of the Church not to be afraid of the present challenges, but to listen to one another and firmly embrace their responsibilities in building a more humane and fraternal society. With all the fear mongering about loss of jobs, etc. calling one to not be afraid and to face the challenges that abound is a stance which I can get behind. recognized by Saint Paul VI, who warned that “the most extraordinary scientific progress, the most astounding technical feats and the most amazing economic growth, unless accompanied by authentic moral and social progress, will in the long run go against man.” [121] For this reason, technological progress — valuable in itself — requires careful discernment of the anthropological vision that guides it and the ends it pursues. If technological development advances without a corresponding ethical and social progress, the result may be an increase in means without a growth in humanity: “having more” without “being more.” In such a scenario, there is a risk that individuals will be evaluated principally according to the outcomes they produce. [122] within the digital context, control over platforms, infrastructure, data and computing power does not rest with States, but with major economic and technological actors. These entities effectively set the conditions for access, determine the rules of visibility and shape the very possibilities for participation. When such power is concentrated in the hands of a few, it tends to become opaque and evade public oversight, increasing the risk of distorted forms of development that give rise to new dependencies, exclusions, manipulations and inequalities. discernment in this new situation are the noble principles of Social Doctrine: the inalienable dignity of the human person, the common good, the universal destination of goods, subsidiarity, solidarity and social justice. They demand that we assess whether the power of digital infrastructures and algorithms truly fosters participation and responsibility, protects the vulnerable, ensures fair access to opportunities and remains directed toward the good of all. On this basis, we can now examine more closely what artificial intelligence is, the possibilities it opens up and the risks it entails. Correct. Which is why the internet as it was conceived was an interesting project and allowed for the freeing from institutional influence much of the knowledge of the world, and platforms go directly against this in locking away and censorship of ideas. I would argue the future of the internet is the past of the internet - back to open, freedom respecting protocols. And, to the core part, on Artificial Intelligence: There is no such thing as “artificial” intelligence - we are training models on human intelligence - and as such, all intelligence is human would be my initial thoughts. And, would you look at that: nor to give an overview of the extensive relevant literature, since authoritative contributions already exist, including within the ecclesial context. [123] I limit myself to recalling a few essential elements for a moral and social discernment that safeguards the primacy of the human person, in order to ensure that it will always be human intelligence, with its conscience and freedom, that guides technical innovations and responsibly determines their use and limits. however, is that we must avoid the misconception of equating this type of “intelligence” with that of human beings. These systems merely imitate certain functions of human intelligence. In doing so, they often surpass human intelligence in speed and computational capacity, offering tangible benefits across many fields. Yet this power remains entirely tied to data processing. So-called artificial intelligences do not undergo experiences, do not possess a body, do not feel joy or pain, do not mature through relationships and do not know from within what love, work, friendship or responsibility mean. Nor do they have a moral conscience, since they do not judge good and evil, grasp the ultimate meaning of situations, or bear responsibility for consequences. They may imitate language, behavior and analytical skills, or even simulate empathy and understanding, but they do not understand what they produce, for they lack the affective, relational and spiritual perspective through which human beings grow in wisdom. Even when these tools are described as capable of “learning,” their way of doing so is different from that of a human person. It is not the experience of those who allow themselves to be shaped by life and grow over time through choices, mistakes, forgiveness and fidelity. Rather, it is a form of statistical adaptation based on data and feedback, which can be very effective, but does not imply inner growth. It is paramount that we agree on this, otherwise we risk creating “persons” out of computational systems. The moment we do that, we have lost the plot, and we will invoke perhaps the greatest human suffering ever. The issue that occurs here is that those that are “building” these systems are not coming at it from a discernment at all, they are shoehorning in and trying to “accelerate” just because they can. George Hotz was once of that camp, and has recently changed his tune drastically. That is not to say that LLMs don’t offer tangible benefits. They do. One can be both a naysayer and LLM user (I am one myself!) But we cannot get disillusioned with technology into thinking it is something that it is not. at the same time, why it calls for a measured and vigilant approach. In recent years, its private use has expanded significantly, prompting growing reflection on both the opportunities it offers and the risks tied to its rapid spread. In personal use, three aspects in particular deserve careful consideration: the ease with which results are obtained, the impression of objectivity and the simulation of human communication. The speed and simplicity with which information, complex analyses, media content and practical assistance can be accessed undoubtedly makes life easier. Yet they can also encourage excessive reliance and the search for ready-made answers, and weaken personal creativity and judgment. The apparent objectivity of the responses and suggestions these systems provide can lead us to overlook the fact that they reflect the cultural assumptions of those who designed and trained them, with all their strengths and limitations. The artificial imitation of positive human communication — words of advice, empathy, friendship and even love — can be engaging and at times genuinely helpful. However, for less discerning users, it can also be misleading, creating the illusion of a relationship with a real personal subject. When words are simulated, they do not build genuine relationships, but only their appearance. The artificial imitation of care or support can become particularly risky when it enters contexts where real relationships and emotional bonds are lacking. Here, the danger is not so much that a person may believe they are communicating with another person, but rather that they may gradually lose the very desire to form genuine human connections. In the next section, Leo discusses how AI systems are built with implicit biases and limitations. This cannot be understated. In addition, the sycophantic nature of these systems in their incessant validation of the user is potentially detrimental to the mental health of some users. without anyone bearing responsibility for that judgment, is to hand over the task of redefining the boundaries of human possibilities. In this process, political responsibility is also lost, not just empathy toward those excluded, which can, after all, be simulated. The exclusion of the vulnerable becomes cloaked in a veneer of neutrality and objectivity, against which it becomes difficult to raise objections. In this way, injustice goes unnoticed, and compassion, mercy and forgiveness — understood not as mere appearances but as real political actions — gradually disappear from view. We risk in having “AI” be the final word on anything to create a sterile hellhole. Because Grok said so is now the way we have conversations, dunking on one another instead of compassionately reaching shared conclusion. clearly defined at every stage: from those who design and develop these systems to those who use them and rely on them for concrete decisions. In many cases, however, the internal processes leading to a result remain opaque, making it harder to assign responsibility and correct errors. This is where accountability becomes crucial: the possibility of identifying who must “account” for decisions, justify them, monitor them, and, when necessary, challenge them and remedy any harm caused. [127] does not mean opposing progress; instead, it is an exercise of responsible care for the human family. This need is all the more urgent given the frequent imbalance between the speed of technological growth and the slower development of awareness, norms, safeguards and institutions capable of governing its effects. It is not enough to invoke ethics in the abstract; robust legal frameworks, independent oversight, informed users and a political system that does not abdicate its responsibility are required. Otherwise, change will be governed only by technocratic thinking and presented as necessary and inevitable, ultimately imposing rules shaped by those who control data, infrastructure and computing power. The call for disarmament of AI systems is one which needs to be universally held - the moment you trust a system to make a decision for you, you end up double tapping a girl’s school in Iran . And, you will be accountable in eternity for that decision. Autonomous weapons are the responsibility of their creators, this is not the same as an inanimate object being used for ill. our central question: what does it mean to safeguard our humanity? The risk extends beyond the misuse of certain technologies. More gravely, the pervasive technocratic paradigm in which we are immersed, and that is amplified by the digital revolution and AI, threatens to normalize an anti-human vision. In that vision, the fullness of life is equated with having more, reducing weakness, eliminating uncertainty and exerting total control. When efficiency becomes the ultimate measure of value, human beings are tempted to see themselves as a project to be optimized rather than as persons called to relationship and communion. This is the battlecry of many - to optimize. At the expense of one’s humanity. To the point of “leaving humanity behind” in the transhumanist sense. To “enhance” humanity “beyond itself”. technology as such, but the vision that underlies it. If the human being is treated as something to be perfected or surpassed, it becomes easier to accept that some lives are less useful, less desirable or less worthy. In the name of progress, “necessary sacrifices” may begin to be justified, placing the burden on the most vulnerable in pursuit of a supposed optimization of the species. In this regard, the aforementioned warning of Saint Paul VI retains great foresight: indeed, scientific and technological advances, when detached from moral and social progress, end up turning against humanity. [130] For this reason, a clear distinction must be made. It is one thing to integrate technology within a human-centered, relational vision; it is quite another to be guided by an outlook that devalues human limits and promises a purely technical form of “salvation.” The limit, the heart and the grandeur of the human person “limit” — incapacity, illness, old age, suffering, vulnerability — tends to be seen primarily as a defect to be corrected, rather than as a reality through which our humanity matures and opens itself to relationship. And yet we must remember that humanity flourishes not despite limitations, but often through them. The light of faith offers a perspective on reality that helps us recognize what we call the “contingency” of the things of this world. While it is right to strive to alleviate the suffering that marks human life, it is also wise to acknowledge our fundamental finitude, knowing that “religious experience, and in particular Christian faith, propose that we live, without oversimplification, this ambivalence between human greatness and limitation, interpreting it in the light of our original and fundamental relationship with God.” [131] Suffering allows a place where we have collective understanding. To stop all suffering would be to stop living itself. I know that this is difficult to comprehend, but suffering creates spiritual growth; were it not for my own personal suffering, I would be a materialist atheist. It allows us to be compassionate, to be loving of one another, in effect, to be human. deny or suppress it, but to integrate it. To eliminate suffering entirely would mean, in the end, extinguishing love and desire as well. Those who love and desire cannot avoid passing through trial and suffering; and over the years, we carry within us lessons that leave their mark like scars, the memories of a journey shaped by freedom and failure, dreams and disappointments. It is only thanks to the interplay of these elements that the wonders of the soul occur within us, allowing us to sense the richness of our humanity. [132] To renounce this adventure, both tragic and splendid, in the name of a presumed transcendence of all limits, could mean many things, but it would no longer be human. God and others. Indeed, precisely because we experience limits — vulnerability, suffering and failure — we can recognize the inviolable dignity of every person, both our own and that of others. In this same experience, we remain capable of intuiting a fraternity greater than ourselves and of perceiving injustice as a scandal. Authentic culture and art preserve this spark, resisting the normalization of evil. The endgoal of humanity should be to be fully human - something that is increasingly rare in this day and age. Self transcendence is what is the common goal: centuries, the Christian tradition has maintained that human beings are not confined by the boundaries of their own nature; rather, they are called to self-transcendence, not through an escape from reality or a contempt for their limitations, but through their fulfillment in love. Faith recognizes an openness toward the “beyond,” which originates as a gift from God. This transformation is a work of the Holy Spirit. As Saint Thomas Aquinas taught, this process of elevation and transformation “surpasses every capability of created nature,” [134] for an infinite disparity separates our finite nature from the life of God. [135] Nevertheless, it remains possible to enter into the heart of that inexhaustible life, even as we journey through the limitations of this world. The one who makes this passage possible can only be the Eternal One who gives of himself. Indeed, it is God himself who overcomes the “infinite” disproportion. [136] In him, the re-creation of the human person happens. “If anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation: everything old has passed away; see, everything has become new” ( 2 Cor 5<17>). deny our nature, nor do we become less human. On the contrary, as Pope Francis explained, “We become fully human when we become more than human, when we let God bring us beyond ourselves in order to attain the fullest truth of our being.” [137] Herein lies the radical departure from Promethean dreams: what saves humanity is not enhanced self-sufficiency, but a relationship that liberates, a communion that transforms. In this light, a technology that merely classifies and optimizes what already exists can, however unintentionally, become an obstacle to change and growth. For an algorithm, an error is a flaw to be corrected; for a person, however, an error can be a catalyst for profound change. A person’s future is not calculable, but depends on one’s freedom — elevated by the inexhaustible grace of God — and on the relationships cultivated. and realism, and grounds them within a higher vocation. The creative intelligence of humanity is a gift that can alleviate suffering and open up new possibilities, but it must remain ordered toward the common good, justice, the care of the vulnerable and creation. In this sense, the true alternative is not between enthusiasm and fear, but between two paths of development: a progress that serves individuals and peoples, or a progress that subjects them to the mentality of power. Ultimately, the key question remains the one posed by Saint John Paul II: does AI “make human life on earth ‘more human’ in every aspect of that life? Does it make it more worthy of man?” [138] If the answer is yes, then we can recognize it as an opportunity to be embraced responsibly, on a path of patient, shared reconstruction, akin to the rebuilding of Jerusalem narrated in the Book of Nehemiah. If, however, power grows while the heart withers and human bonds fray, then we are faced with a new form of Babel — a construction that is grandiose, yet fundamentally dehumanizing. ultimately a matter of examining our own hearts. The way we understand and shape relationships, work and institutions, in practice reveals our fundamental values. In the end, it all stems from what we hold most dear. This is a love that guides us as to what we truly cherish, both as individuals and as a society, and directs our lives and actions. Saint Augustine described human history as a struggle between two loves, which give rise to two ways of inhabiting the world and living together — or two “cities,” as it were: on the one hand, the love of God and neighbor; on the other, the exclusive love of self. “Two loves have built two cities: the earthly city, the love of self even to the contempt of God; the heavenly city, the love of God even to the contempt of self.” [139] As throughout history, these two loves continue to contend for dominance in our hearts today. The age of AI is no exception: the construction of Babel or the rebuilding of Jerusalem begins within each one of us. This is the crux of the issue - we are attacking our very humanity with these technologies without questioning if it is Good or not. political communication. Tools that could foster dialogue and participation are often used to construct distorted narratives and blur the boundaries between truth and falsehood, mixing facts with opinions. Disinformation did not begin with AI, yet today it finds a powerful amplifier in AI. The ability to manipulate content, images and videos exposes people to biased or misleading perspectives. This problem has both cultural and moral dimensions, since the quality of public communication depends directly on social trust and, in turn, shapes it. At the same time, truthful information does not arise from centralized or automated control. In public discourse, the truth of facts has a rational dimension, as it requires verification, cross-checking of sources and responsible argumentation. Moreover, it is deeply relational, built through bonds of trust and shared practices, as well as an honest exchange with others and with the world. Only the shared pursuit of the veracity of facts, perceived as a common good, can provide a solid foundation for just communication. human capital for intervention, possess significant capabilities for influencing cultural change. Ultimately, they can influence a significant number of people concerning the truth about humanity, the world, the meaning of existence, the family and even God. This is pure power detached from truth, which subtly or overtly imposes what it wishes others to accept as true. At its root lies a deeper and often unrecognized “sickness”: the fact that “modern man is wrongly convinced that he is the sole author of himself, his life and society. This is a presumption that follows from being selfishly closed in upon himself.” [140] Consequently, people believe that they can construct reality, and that whatever best suits their claims corresponds to what is true. Saint John Paul II reflected on the consequences of this “crisis of truth,” going so far as to state that “once the idea of a universal truth about the good, knowable by human reason, is lost, inevitably the notion of conscience also changes.” [141] In such a context, universally valid truths, which precede us and which conscience must accept, are no longer recognized. This led Pope Francis to ask with realism: “What is law without the conviction, born of age-old reflection and great wisdom, that each human being is sacred and inviolable?” To which he concluded: “If society is to have a future, it must respect the truth of our human dignity and submit to that truth. Murder is not wrong simply because it is socially unacceptable and punished by law, but because of a deeper conviction. This is a non-negotiable truth attained by the use of reason and accepted in conscience. A society is noble and decent, not least for its support of the pursuit of truth and its adherence to the most basic of truths.” [142] Social media first did this, and we have not learned anything. The issue is that AI systems have ubiquity, and the attempt to strong arm them everywhere as we are seeing with Google et al. is going to blur the lines of truth. Much of this is echoing in history, yet on a global scale, one which can impact every single person alive today. The will to power is not Truth. This is a realization that must come to all that seek Truth. Our culture is obsessed with trying to create “our own reality” - but in order to actually see reality, we have to submit ourselves to Him. We are living in a time in which many would argue that truth doesn’t matter, or that it is what we make it, and that is dangerous, indeed. of information, but it is also the creation of a culture.” [144] The content that circulates within digital environments shapes how people perceive the world and introduces into the collective consciousness images and narratives that direct our desires and influence our daily choices. This is “not a parallel or purely virtual world,” [145] since what originates online now becomes a part of people’s lives, especially of the youngest. In times past, the internet was not so ingrained in every day life, but more and more, we believe what we see online to be true. With the advent of deepfakes and video created by artificial intelligence, we will not know what actually is . We will devolve into a world which is completely devoid of truth if we continue down this path. What you consume will consume you. communication strategies, the field of education assumes decisive importance. Yet rapid technological transformations reveal just how unprepared we are on the educational level. The pervasiveness of digital media fosters a culture of immediacy and hyper-stimulation, which gives rise to fatigue, boredom and apathy concerning the effort required for seeking the truth. development and for engagement with reality beyond appearances. This is a fundamental issue because every technology shapes those who use it. Educating people about the use of AI, then, involves teaching them to decide when and for what purpose it ought not to be used. The speed and ease with which answers or summaries can be obtained risk extinguishing the desire to ask questions, which is a process that bears fruit only over time. As Plato wrote, the deepest and most important things are learned only after much time and effort, by engaging in discussion with others, “striking upon” ideas and experiences together like flint until the spark of understanding is kindled within us. [147] We must learn, then, how to exercise restraint in the use of AI and to protect our young people from the promise of the perfect machine, from that subtle temptation which renders human thought seemingly superfluous precisely when it is most needed. insistence how early and unsupervised exposure to digital devices and social media can negatively impact sleep, attention span, control of emotions and relationships, especially during the most vulnerable stages of life, at times with tragic consequences. This is further aggravated by easy access to violent or degrading content that offends sensibility, to pornographic and hypersexualized material, to messages that trivialize the body and emotions, and to proposals that normalize risky behavior. Online phenomena such as grooming, blackmail and the sexual exploitation of minors are not uncommon, and are made more insidious by the use of fake profiles, algorithms that facilitate dangerous contact, and AI tools capable of manipulating images and videos. Having a personal mobile device at too early an age and using it without adult supervision can exacerbate young people’s vulnerabilities, foster addiction and expose them to isolation, bullying and cyberbullying, as well as to pressures to share intimate images or sensitive information. monetize attention and time. Therefore, it is essential to form an alliance among policy-makers, educational institutions and families that is capable of concretely supporting adults in this task. Far-sighted public policies are needed to oppose the immediate interests of platforms, concentrated in a few hands, when they conflict with the wellbeing of minors. In this regard, interventions by legislators are appropriate for setting age limits, holding service providers accountable rather than shifting the whole burden of control onto families, and for providing specific protections against all forms of online sexual exploitation and violence. Thus can children and adolescents, who are entrusted to our care, be genuinely protected as a precious treasure. [148] At the same time, it is also necessary to teach children, adolescents and young people how to recognize manipulation, defend their dignity and respect that of others in digital environments. [149] We’re getting into the issue of digital addiction, nice. The discussion about education and what that truly entails is an interesting point. Something that I’ve seen in myself with use of LLMs is that I don’t remember the answer I was given 5 minutes ago, because I didn’t have to fight for it. Work as a dignity enhancement for the human being. This is why devs feel their souls leaving their bodies as they vibe code away. Leo discusses unemployment as a grave evil as it creates an environment in which the human being is “without value” - which is never true. We are creating an envirionment of fear that is continually being propogated that “everyone will lose their jobs” but nobody is asking “then what?” You may have grand technological improvement, but you create the cyberpunk dystopia in which you’re “high tech, low life”. The founders and creators of this will not be able to live a good life, either, see what happens when mass social unrest occurs. Money won’t be able to save people. the serious implications for human dignity, we must now turn our attention to the yet more tragic issue of war. Here the question is not merely the efficiency of new tools, but also the risk that technology, detached from ethics and responsibility, will render decisions about life and death more rapid and impersonal, and will present the use of force as an immediate and viable option. In an increasingly interdependent world, peace is not simply one issue among others, but a prerequisite for the universal common good and a test of the moral maturity of peoples, especially of those who bear responsibility for governing. Again, the accountability of these systems cannot go forward without intense scrutiny. “A computer can never be held accountable, therefore a computer must never make a management decision.” – IBM Training Manual, 1979. Force without limits political landscape and has become a key sector in the economy of various countries. The close link between economic interests, the military apparatus and political decisions produces an “armed nation,” in which war appears as a natural extension of politics, and the arms market becomes an autonomous driving force behind military decisions. Nor can we ignore the enormous economic interests behind war. The armaments industry, and countries that supply weapons, profit from a market that thrives precisely on conflicts. In this sense, there are also financial interests that contribute to fueling tensions in various regions of the world. posed by weapons capable of destroying all of humanity had promoted paths toward détente and disarmament negotiations. Unfortunately, this approach has been left behind, and the evolution of nuclear arsenals — including the prospect of its “tactical” use — makes the use of such weapons seem less improbable. In this context, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which came into force in 2021 with the support of over seventy countries, is an important step. However, it risks remaining largely symbolic since the major nuclear powers have not agreed to it. This has led to the widespread yet erroneous belief that nuclear deterrence is an indispensable prerequisite for security. This has also contributed to a new arms race, which is hard to control and accompanied by the gradual dismantling of nuclear reduction agreements, as well as the development of “miniaturized” weapons, that make their use seem like a more viable option. and the complexity of the interests at stake contribute to conflicts that tend to become protracted, with extremely high human and environmental costs. It is much easier to start a war than to stop it, and yet, discussion on conflict prevention remains tragically marginal. The person pushing the button from thousands of miles away on the drone strike that kills the family at a wedding feels nothing. Pretty soon there will be no button, and no one to feel at all. errors. Religious extremism and identity-based fanaticism ally themselves with irrational economic policies, while politics often turns to misinformation and ridiculing opponents, and systematically cultivating fears and resentments. Thus, diversity is increasingly perceived as a threat, which fuels a desire for possession, a will to dominate, hegemonic ambitions, abuses of power and a fear of those who are different, thereby creating an environment in which new conflicts can develop almost imperceptibly. [186] People become a means to an end, and this is text book dehumanization. We can all do our part problems are too big and we are too small, and that our choices, therefore, cannot make a difference. This is a polite form of resignation, often disguised as realism. Certainly, not everyone has the same power to make a difference. There are those who govern, make investment decisions, lead institutions, conduct research, educate, produce or provide information, and then there are those who only seem to live their daily lives. Yet, no one is without responsibility. We all have our own areas for action, and it is precisely there — and nowhere else — that we must choose whether to fuel the mentality of force (even if only through indifference, cynicism, lies or hatred), or to preserve the mindset of peace (with truth, moderation, closeness and care). of his novels, described our responsibility in this way: “It is not our part to master all the tides of the world, but to do what is in us for the succour of those years wherein we are set, uprooting the evil in the fields that we know, so that those who live after may have clean earth to till.” [187] The civilization of love will not arise from a single or spectacular gesture, but from the sum total of small and steadfast acts of fidelity that serve as a bulwark against dehumanization. For this reason, it is worthwhile pausing to reflect on some aspects of how we, each in our own way, can cooperate in building the civilization of love. Without presuming to exhaust this theme, I would like to propose five paths toward daily and public responsibility: the need to disarm words, building peace through justice, adopting the perspective of victims, cultivating a healthy realism and reviving dialogue and multilateralism. encouraged the Christians of Corinth to preserve unity. Dear brothers and sisters, we have reflected on the world we are building, and we asked ourselves what it means to safeguard the human person in the era of artificial intelligence. At the end of this reflection, I would like to propose a sober yet demanding program of Christian life with which we can navigate this epochal change in the light of the Gospel. This avenue emerges through contemplating God’s plan, living ecclesial unity by partaking of the Eucharist, building a world centered on the common good and praying in union with the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Word became flesh often shrouded in reassuring rhetoric and seductive ideologies. Yet our hearts yearn for an approach that is wise and benevolent, akin to that which Mary praises in her Magnificat, when she proclaims that God’s mercy extends in every generation to those who fear him. [205] This plan of mercy continues to unfold throughout history today, even amid the rapid and unsettling changes brought by algorithms and global networks, and it becomes a compass in the digital era for living our lives according to the Gospel. dwelt among us. The flesh of the Son, poor and vulnerable, evokes the flesh of so many brothers and sisters stripped of their dignity and reduced to silence. [206] Through the Lord’s closeness, the gift of peace enters into the world in a paradoxical way. It does so through the power to become children of God, and is awakened when we allow ourselves to be moved by the tears of the little ones, the fragility of the elderly, the silence of victims and the struggle of those who fight against the evil they do not wish to commit. [207] In this wounded yet beloved flesh, the Father shows us the true humanity of a life fulfilled through openness and communion, which leads us to desire that his will be done on earth as it is in heaven. [208] enhanced and almost disembodied humanity, we recognize a yearning that is of concern to us, namely the need for a fuller life, less exposed to limitations and suffering. Yet the Incarnation opens a different pathway. On the one hand, old and new ideologies alike urge humanity to overcome limitations through technology, and to rise above others by asserting dominance. Contrary to this, the mystery of the Son of God entering into our human condition promises something quite different. The living God descends into our history in order to free us from all forms of slavery. [209] He takes upon himself our weakness and transforms it into a setting for salvation. There is no moment or human situation that is not worthy of God. “According to the teaching of our faith, we have and adore, in our mysteries, a God who is born in a manger, a God who lives and travels in Judea, a God who dies on the cross, a dead God who lies in the tomb.” [210] The future of humanity, therefore, finds its standard in the ability to welcome this divine way of drawing near, of sharing the burden of the world, of transforming relationships from within. “O wonder… man is God and this God-Man passes through all those stages, endures all those states and ennobles them, sanctifies them, deifies them in himself!” [211] What saves humanity is the divine love that descends into the most fragile point of our history and renews it from within. face of the Son of God, the grandeur of humanity that shines a light also on the era of AI. In Christ, we are called to cooperate in the work of creation, rather than be disinterested observers of technological processes that limit our freedom and responsibility. [212] The dignity inscribed in each of us by the Holy Spirit can also be seen in our capacity to reflect critically, choose and love freely, and form authentic relationships. No computational system, however sophisticated, can create a heart that gives itself, or a conscience that discerns good from evil. Even when machines excel in efficiency, a human face that asks to be gazed upon remains the center of our history. This human face is the fullness toward which history is moving. It is the mystery of “recapitulation”: the certainty that the Father has decreed to bring all things, those in heaven and those on earth, back to Christ, the one Head (cf. Eph 1<10>). In this plan, nothing will be lost that is authentically human. Indeed, everything will be purified and reunited in the One, who gathers every fragment of life, every tear and every authentically human achievement, rescuing them from nothingness and delivering them, redeemed, to the Father. I will say that in my very humble layman opinion, Pope Leo has done a fantastic job with this Encyclical. I agree wholeheartedly with much of the sentiment. We are all in spiritual warfare whether we know it or not, and all of us were born at the right time for the soul that we each possess. Let us run the Good race toward all that is Good in this life and the next. As always, God bless, and until next time. If you enjoyed this post, consider Supporting my work , Checking out my book , Working with me , or sending me an Email to tell me what you think. Building a city founded on the common good implies, first and foremost, building on a firm This overview, however, would not be very comprehensible if, before reflecting on the I am convinced that the concrete way of living out social relationships in the light of the The danger of humanity becoming a victim of its own achievements was already clearly Here, we must recognize another crucial aspect, which I have noted earlier. In many cases Faced with this concentration of power in the digital world, the criteria for judgment and It is not my intention here to offer a comprehensive treatment of artificial intelligence, It is not possible to provide a single, comprehensive definition of AI. What can be stated, In light of what has been said, we can better understand why AI can be a valuable tool and, Indeed, entrusting an algorithm in practice with the power to select who is worthy or not, For AI to respect human dignity and truly serve the common good, responsibility must be Calling for prudence, rigorous evaluation and even, at times, a slower pace in adopting AI Having considered the issues of responsibility and governance of AI, we must now return to From the perspective of the Church’s Social Doctrine, the key issue is not the use of Our relationship with life seems to be in crisis today. Everything that appears as a Even when limitations are experienced as inner suffering, human wisdom teaches us not to Finitude, when truly accepted, does not diminish us but opens us to recognizing the face of The expression “more than human” is not an exclusive domain of technological promise. For When we embrace the possibility of transcending ourselves through God’s grace, we do not Christian humanism does not reject science or technology, but embraces them with gratitude Questioning this alternative path of progress and how we interpret and live it is The use of digital platforms and AI systems is driving profound changes in public and Those who command powerful technological and economic resources, along with substantial In view of this, it is important to recall that communication “is not only the transmission In an era when truth is often distorted in order to serve particular interests and Education, by contrast, is a long journey requiring patience, and therefore needs time for In recent years, psychological and psychiatric literature has documented with growing It is difficult for parents by themselves to resist the influence of business models that Having considered how AI is transforming certain aspects of life and society, in particular The growth of the military-industrial complex has become a defining feature of the current Military arsenals are receiving renewed attention. In the past, recognition of the threat The same logic applies to conventional warfare. Military force, weak diplomatic initiatives In such a climate, nihilism and pragmatism become intertwined and end up normalizing grave At this point, however, a subtle temptation may emerge, namely the thought that the The twentieth-century Catholic author J.R.R. Tolkien, in the words of a protagonist in one “Let each builder choose with care how to build” (1 Cor 3<10>). With these words, Saint Paul Our world is filled with attempts to seize control of markets and spheres of influence, At the heart of everything is the mystery of the Incarnation, the Word who became flesh and In the promises of transhumanism and some posthumanist currents of thought, which seek an For this reason, as a believer among believers, I invite everyone to contemplate, in the

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If you dont read the primary source you dont get an opinion

With the Pope’s Encyclical Magnifica Humanitas recently posted, I have seen some of the worst takes online: All from people that have not read the thing they are critiquing. They will see a short soundbite from the Vatican’s meeting with Anthropic, and that will be their entire understanding. The piece is 42,000 words long, so I get that people “don’t have the time” to read the whole thing. You don’t get to have an opinion then. Too harsh? Okay - you can have an opinion about whatever you want. But, everyone should immediately discard your opinion on finding that you didn’t read the thing that you are having an opinion on. You should, if you are intellectually honest in the slightest, also discard said opinion until you have read the primary source. The reason for this is simple: you are renting someone else’s opinion . It’s the same with interviews that are soundbited, with “clips”. This is why our society is polarised, because nobody reads the original anymore, they just allow the filter of someone else’s thinking (and bias, and agenda). I have seen this far too often when it comes to The Church - people have not read anything beyond some guy’s “spicy take” on >Reddit and then claim a parroted opinion that is not their own. I’ll hit people with a very basic apologetic and their mind will be blown because THEY DON’T READ. Nothing I say is groundbreaking or “out there” - I just read primary sources. That’s not “hidden knowledge” or something that is beyond the majority of human beings. Grifters read primary sources, repackage them into soundbites, and sell them to you at a huge markup. Read the primary source. Think for yourself. As always, God bless, and until next time. If you enjoyed this post, consider Supporting my work , Checking out my book , Working with me , or sending me an Email to tell me what you think.

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